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< h1 id = "miri" > < a class = "header" href = "#miri" > Miri< / a > < / h1 >
< p > 看到这里， ？ < / p >
< p > 怎么说呢？你以为的编译器已经不是以前的编译器了，它不报错不代表没有错误。包括测试用例也是，正常地运行不能意味着代码没有任何错误。< / p >
< p > 在周星驰电影功夫中，还有一个奇怪大叔 10 元一本主动上门卖如来神掌，那么有没有 10 元一本的 Rust 秘笈呢？( 喂， ， ， < / p >
< p > 有的，奇怪大叔正在赶来，他告诉我们先来安装一个命令:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > rustup +nightly-2022-01-21 component add miri
info: syncing channel updates for 'nightly-2022-01-21-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
info: latest update on 2022-01-21, rust version 1.60.0-nightly (777bb86bc 2022-01-20)
info: downloading component 'cargo'
info: downloading component 'clippy'
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
info: downloading component 'rustc'
info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'clippy'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
info: installing component 'rust-std'
info: installing component 'rustc'
info: installing component 'rustfmt'
info: downloading component 'miri'
info: installing component 'miri'
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 等等，你在我电脑上装了什么奇怪的东西？！ “好东西”< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > miri 目前只能在 nightly Rust 上安装，< code > +nightly-2022-01-21< / code > 告诉 < code > rustup< / code > 我们想要安装的 < code > nightly< / code > 版本，事实上，你可以直接通过 < code > rustup +nightly component add miri< / code > 安装，这里指定版本主要因为 < code > miri< / code > 有时候会因为某些版本而出错。< / p >
< p > 2022-01-21 是我所知的 miri 可以成功运行的版本，你可以检查< a href = "https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup-components-history/" > 这个网址< / a > 获取更多信息< / p >
< ul >
< li > 是一种临时性的规则运用，如果你不想每次都使用 < code > +nightly-2022-01-21< / code > ，可以使用 < a href = "https://course.rs/appendix/rust-version.html#rustup-和-rust-nightly-的职责" > < code > rustup override set< / code > < / a > 命令对当前项目的 Rust 版本进行覆盖< / li >
< / ul >
< / blockquote >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > $ cargo +nightly-2022-01-21 miri test
I will run `"cargo.exe" "install" "xargo"` to install
a recent enough xargo. Proceed? [Y/n]
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 额，< code > xargo< / code > 是什么东东？“不要担心，选择 y 就行，我像是会坑你的人吗？”< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > > y
Updating crates.io index
Installing xargo v0.3.24
...
Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 10.65s
Installing C:\Users\ninte\.cargo\bin\xargo-check.exe
Installing C:\Users\ninte\.cargo\bin\xargo.exe
Installed package `xargo v0.3.24` (executables `xargo-check.exe`, `xargo.exe`)
I will run `"rustup" "component" "add" "rust-src"` to install
the `rust-src` component for the selected toolchain. Proceed? [Y/n]
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 额？ “不要怕，多给你一份 Rust 源代码，不开心嘛？”< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > > y
info: downloading component 'rust-src'
info: installing component 'rust-src'
< / code > < / pre >
< p > “看吧，我就说我不会骗你的，不相信我，等着错误砸脸吧!” 真是一个奇怪的大叔…< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > Compiling lists v0.1.0 (C:\Users\ninte\dev\tmp\lists)
Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.25s
Running unittests (lists-5cc11d9ee5c3e924.exe)
error: Undefined Behavior: trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055,
but parent tag < 209678> does not have an appropriate item in
the borrow stack
--> \lib\rustlib\src\rust\library\core\src\option.rs:846:18
|
846 | Some(x) => Some(f(x)),
| ^ trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055,
| but parent tag < 209678> does not have an
| appropriate item in the borrow stack
|
= help: this indicates a potential bug in the program:
it performed an invalid operation, but the rules it
violated are still experimental
= help: see https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/blob/master/wip/stacked-borrows.md
for further information
= note: inside `std::option::Option::< std::boxed::Box< fifth::Node< i32> > > ::map::< i32, [closure@src\fifth.rs:31:30: 40:10]> ` at \lib\rustlib\src\rust\library\core\src\option.rs:846:18
note: inside `fifth::List::< i32> ::pop` at src\fifth.rs:31:9
--> src\fifth.rs:31:9
|
31 | / self.head.take().map(|head| {
32 | | let head = *head;
33 | | self.head = head.next;
34 | |
... |
39 | | head.elem
40 | | })
| |__________^
note: inside `fifth::test::basics` at src\fifth.rs:74:20
--> src\fifth.rs:74:20
|
74 | assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(1));
| ^^^^^^^^^^
note: inside closure at src\fifth.rs:62:5
--> src\fifth.rs:62:5
|
61 | #[test]
| ------- in this procedural macro expansion
62 | / fn basics() {
63 | | let mut list = List::new();
64 | |
65 | | // Check empty list behaves right
... |
96 | | assert_eq!(list.pop(), None);
97 | | }
| |_____^
...
error: aborting due to previous error
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 咦还真有错误，大叔，这是什么错误？大叔？…奇怪的大叔默默离开了，留下我在风中凌乱。< / p >
< p > 果然不靠谱…还是得靠自己，首先得了解下何为 < code > miri< / code > 。< / p >
< p > < a href = "https://github.com/rust-lang/miri" > < code > miri< / code > < / a > 可以生成 Rust 的中间层表示 MIR， ， < / p >
< p > 可以通过 < code > rustup component add miri< / code > 来安装它，并通过 < code > cargo miri< / code > 来使用，同时还可以使用 < code > cargo miri test< / code > 来运行测试代码。< / p >
< p > < code > miri< / code > 可以帮助我们检查常见的未定义行为(UB = Undefined Behavior)，以下列出了一部分:< / p >
< ul >
< li > 内存越界检查和内存释放后再使用(use-after-free)< / li >
< li > 使用未初始化的数据< / li >
< li > 数据竞争< / li >
< li > 内存对齐问题< / li >
< / ul >
< p > UB 检测是必须的，因为它发生在运行时，因此很难发现，如果 < code > miri< / code > 能在编译期检测出来，那自然是最好不过的。< / p >
< p > 总之，< code > miri< / code > 的使用很简单:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > $ cargo +nightly-2022-01-21 miri test
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 下面来看看具体的错误：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > error: Undefined Behavior: trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055, but parent tag < 209678> does not have an appropriate item in the borrow stack
--> \lib\rustlib\src\rust\library\core\src\option.rs:846:18
|
846 | Some(x) => Some(f(x)),
| ^ trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055,
| but parent tag < 209678> does not have an
| appropriate item in the borrow stack
|
= help: this indicates a potential bug in the program: it
performed an invalid operation, but the rules it
violated are still experimental
= help: see
https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/blob/master/wip/stacked-borrows.md
for further information
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 嗯，只能看出是一个错误，其它完全看不懂了，例如什么是 < code > borrow stack< / code > ？ < / p >
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