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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../some-thoughts.html">Xobserve: 一切皆可观测</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../beat-ai.html">BeatAI: 工程师 AI 入门圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀，以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/slowly-downloading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了？</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 数组</a></l
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<main>
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<h1 id="rust-新版解读--179--内联-const临时变量生命周期延长"><a class="header" href="#rust-新版解读--179--内联-const临时变量生命周期延长">Rust 新版解读 | 1.79 | 内联 const，临时变量生命周期延长</a></h1>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Rust 1.79 官方 release doc: <a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/06/13/Rust-1.79.0.html">Announcing Rust 1.79.0 | Rust Blog</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>通过 <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install">rustup</a> 安装的同学可以使用以下命令升级到 1.79 版本:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">$ rustup update stable
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="内联-const-表达式"><a class="header" href="#内联-const-表达式">内联 <code>const</code> 表达式</a></h2>
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<p>如今可以写内联 const 块 <code>const {...}</code> 作为表达式，显式地进入 const 上下文，而不需要额外的声明（例如，定义 <code>const</code> 常量或 Trait 的关联常量）。</p>
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<p>与 const 常量 <code>const ITEM: ... = ...</code> 不同，内联 const 里类型可以被推断而不需要显式写出，并且还能使用泛型参数。来看一个很实用的例子：</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>const EMPTY: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
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let foo = [EMPTY; 100];
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p>如今可以写成如下形式，（foo 的类型 <code>Option<T></code> 可以不标注，可以根据上下文推断出来）</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>let foo = [const { None }; 100];
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p>泛型的例子：</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>fn create_none_array<T, const N: usize>() -> [Option<T>; N] {
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[const { None }; N]
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}
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p>更多细节见<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/expressions/block-expr.html#const-blocks">参考文档</a></p>
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<h2 id="关联类型约束"><a class="header" href="#关联类型约束">关联类型约束</a></h2>
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<p>Rust 1.79 稳定了一些关联类型约束的语法，允许我们在类型约束里写其它类型约束，即 <code>T: Trait<Assoc: Bounds...></code>。这避免了提供额外的显式泛型类型来约束关联类型。</p>
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<p>这个新特性允许我们在一些情况下更简单地指定好约束关系，解决了一些之前不可能或者会引入额外不必要约束的场景。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong><code>where</code> 子句</strong> - 在这个位置，这等同于将约束拆分为两个（或更多）<code>where</code> 语句。例如，<code>where T: Trait<Assoc: Bound></code> 等同于 <code>where T: Trait, <T as Trait>::Assoc: Bound</code>。</li>
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<li><strong>Supertraits</strong> - 类似于上面，<code>trait CopyIterator: Iterator<Item: Copy> {}</code>。这也等同于将约束拆分为两个（或更多）<code>where</code> 语句；不过当 trait 被使用时，这个对关联类型 Item 的约束是隐含的。</li>
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<li><strong>关联类型 Item 约束</strong> - 允许约束与 trait 的关联类型相关的嵌套类型约束。例如 <code>trait Trait { type Assoc: Trait2<Assoc2: Copy>; }</code>。</li>
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<li><strong>模糊类型约束</strong>（RPIT: return position <code>impl Trait</code>, TAIT: type alias <code>impl Trait</code>） - 允许约束与模糊类型相关的关联类型。例如 <code>impl Iterator<Item: Copy></code> 定义了 Item 满足 Copy 的迭代器，而不必实际命名该约束。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>更多细节见 <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/122055/#issue-2170532454">issue</a></p>
|
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<p>译注：很绕，但是整体上就是一次让 Rust 编译器变得更符合你期望它应该正常工作的样子的更新。</p>
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<h2 id="临时变量生命周期延长"><a class="header" href="#临时变量生命周期延长">临时变量生命周期延长</a></h2>
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<p>现在，在 <code>match</code> 和 <code>if</code> 结构中构造并立刻被使用的临时变量的生命周期会自动延长。这与代码结构中的临时变量生命周期延长的效果一致。</p>
|
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|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
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|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
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|
|
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</span>let a = if true {
|
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|
|
|
..;
|
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|
|
|
&temp() // used to error, but now gets lifetime extended
|
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|
} else {
|
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|
|
|
..;
|
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|
|
|
&temp() // used to error, but now gets lifetime extended
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};
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let a = match () {
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|
_ => {
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|
|
..;
|
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|
|
|
&temp() // used to error, but now gets lifetime extended
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}
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};
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// 之前已有的代码块临时变量生命周期延长
|
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|
let a = {
|
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|
|
|
..;
|
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|
|
&temp() // lifetime is extended
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};
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<h2 id="others"><a class="header" href="#others">Others</a></h2>
|
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<p>其它更新细节，和稳定的 API 列表，参考<a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/06/13/Rust-1.79.0.html#stabilized-apis">原Blog</a></p>
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