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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../some-thoughts.html">Xobserve: 一切皆可观测</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../beat-ai.html">BeatAI: 工程师 AI 入门圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀,以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/slowly-downloading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了?</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/tuple.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-h
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<main>
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<h1 id="元组"><a class="header" href="#元组">元组</a></h1>
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<p>元组是由多种类型组合到一起形成的,因此它是复合类型,元组的长度是固定的,元组中元素的顺序也是固定的。</p>
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<p>可以通过以下语法创建一个元组:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">fn main() {
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let tup: (i32, f64, u8) = (500, 6.4, 1);
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}</code></pre></pre>
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<p>变量 <code>tup</code> 被绑定了一个元组值 <code>(500, 6.4, 1)</code>,该元组的类型是 <code>(i32, f64, u8)</code>,看到没?元组是用括号将多个类型组合到一起,简单吧?</p>
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<p>可以使用模式匹配或者 <code>.</code> 操作符来获取元组中的值。</p>
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<h3 id="用模式匹配解构元组"><a class="header" href="#用模式匹配解构元组">用模式匹配解构元组</a></h3>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">fn main() {
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let tup = (500, 6.4, 1);
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let (x, y, z) = tup;
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println!("The value of y is: {}", y);
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}</code></pre></pre>
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<p>上述代码首先创建一个元组,然后将其绑定到 <code>tup</code> 上,接着使用 <code>let (x, y, z) = tup;</code> 来完成一次模式匹配,因为元组是 <code>(n1, n2, n3)</code> 形式的,因此我们用一模一样的 <code>(x, y, z)</code> 形式来进行匹配,元组中对应的值会绑定到变量 <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>z</code>上。这就是解构:用同样的形式把一个复杂对象中的值匹配出来。</p>
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<h3 id="用--来访问元组"><a class="header" href="#用--来访问元组">用 <code>.</code> 来访问元组</a></h3>
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<p>模式匹配可以让我们一次性把元组中的值全部或者部分获取出来,如果只想要访问某个特定元素,那模式匹配就略显繁琐,对此,Rust 提供了 <code>.</code> 的访问方式:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">fn main() {
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let x: (i32, f64, u8) = (500, 6.4, 1);
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let five_hundred = x.0;
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let six_point_four = x.1;
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let one = x.2;
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}</code></pre></pre>
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<p>和其它语言的数组、字符串一样,元组的索引从 0 开始。</p>
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<h3 id="元组的使用示例"><a class="header" href="#元组的使用示例">元组的使用示例</a></h3>
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<p>元组在函数返回值场景很常用,例如下面的代码,可以使用元组返回多个值:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">fn main() {
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let s1 = String::from("hello");
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let (s2, len) = calculate_length(s1);
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println!("The length of '{}' is {}.", s2, len);
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}
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fn calculate_length(s: String) -> (String, usize) {
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let length = s.len(); // len() 返回字符串的长度
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(s, length)
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}</code></pre></pre>
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<p><code>calculate_length</code> 函数接收 <code>s1</code> 字符串的所有权,然后计算字符串的长度,接着把字符串所有权和字符串长度再返回给 <code>s2</code> 和 <code>len</code> 变量。</p>
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<p>在其他语言中,可以用结构体来声明一个三维空间中的点,例如 <code>Point(10, 20, 30)</code>,虽然使用 Rust 元组也可以做到:<code>(10, 20, 30)</code>,但是这样写有个非常重大的缺陷:</p>
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<p><strong>不具备任何清晰的含义</strong>,在下一章节中,会提到一种与元组类似的结构体,<code>元组结构体</code>,可以解决这个问题。</p>
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<h2 id="课后练习"><a class="header" href="#课后练习">课后练习</a></h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="https://practice-zh.course.rs/compound-types/tuple.html">Rust By Practice</a>,支持代码在线编辑和运行,并提供详细的<a href="https://github.com/sunface/rust-by-practice/blob/master/solutions/compound-types/tuple.md">习题解答</a>。</p>
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