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296 lines
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296 lines
61 KiB
4 weeks ago
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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../some-thoughts.html">Xobserve: 一切皆可观测</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../beat-ai.html">BeatAI: 工程师 AI 入门圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀，以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/slowly-downloading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了？</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 数组</a></l
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<h1 id="添加依赖"><a class="header" href="#添加依赖">添加依赖</a></h1>
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<p><a href="https://crates.io"><code>crates.io</code></a> 是 Rust 社区维护的中心化注册服务，用户可以在其中寻找和下载所需的包。对于 <code>cargo</code> 来说，默认就是从这里下载依赖。</p>
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<p>下面我们来添加一个 <code>time</code> 依赖包，若你的 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 文件中没有 <code>[dependencies]</code> 部分，就手动添加一个，并添加目标包名和版本号:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[dependencies]
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time = "0.1.12"
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</code></pre>
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<p>可以看到我们指定了 <code>time</code> 包的版本号 "0.1.12"，关于版本号，实际上还有其它的指定方式，具体参见<a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/specify-deps.html">指定依赖项</a>章节。</p>
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<p>如果想继续添加 <code>regexp</code> 包，只需在 <code>time</code> 包后面添加即可 :</p>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[package]
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name = "hello_world"
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version = "0.1.0"
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edition = "2021"
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[dependencies]
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time = "0.1.12"
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regex = "0.1.41"
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</code></pre>
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<p>此时，再通过运行 <code>cargo build</code> 来重新构建，首先 <code>Cargo</code> 会获取新的依赖以及依赖的依赖, 接着对它们进行编译并更新 <code>Cargo.lock</code>:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">$ cargo build
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Updating crates.io index
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Downloading memchr v0.1.5
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Downloading libc v0.1.10
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Downloading regex-syntax v0.2.1
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Downloading memchr v0.1.5
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Downloading aho-corasick v0.3.0
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Downloading regex v0.1.41
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Compiling memchr v0.1.5
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Compiling libc v0.1.10
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Compiling regex-syntax v0.2.1
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Compiling memchr v0.1.5
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Compiling aho-corasick v0.3.0
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Compiling regex v0.1.41
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Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/package/hello_world)
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</code></pre>
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<p>在 <code>Cargo.lock</code> 中包含了我们项目使用的所有依赖的准确版本信息。这个非常重要，未来就算 <code>regexp</code> 的作者升级了该包，我们依然会下载 <code>Cargo.lock</code> 中的版本，而不是最新的版本，只有这样，才能保证项目依赖包不会莫名其妙的因为更新升级导致无法编译。 当然，你还可以使用 <code>cargo update</code> 来手动更新包的版本。</p>
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<p>此时，就可以在 <code>src/main.rs</code> 中使用新引入的 <code>regexp</code> 包:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">use regex::Regex;
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fn main() {
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let re = Regex::new(r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$").unwrap();
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println!("Did our date match? {}", re.is_match("2014-01-01"));
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}</code></pre></pre>
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<p>运行后输出:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">$ cargo run
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Running `target/hello_world`
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Did our date match? true
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</code></pre>
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