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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../some-thoughts.html">Xobserve: 一切皆可观测</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../beat-ai.html">BeatAI: 工程师 AI 入门圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀,以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/slowly-downloading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了?</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 数组</a></l
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<main>
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<h1 id="线程类型导致的栈溢出"><a class="header" href="#线程类型导致的栈溢出">线程类型导致的栈溢出</a></h1>
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<p>在 Rust 中,我们不太容易遇到栈溢出,因为默认栈还挺大的,而且大的数据往往存在堆上(动态增长),但是一旦遇到该如何处理?先来看段代码:</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span>#![feature(test)]
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<span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>extern crate test;
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod tests {
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use test::Bencher;
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#[bench]
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fn it_works(b: &mut Bencher) {
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b.iter(|| { let stack = [[[0.0; 2]; 512]; 512]; });
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}
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}
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p>以上代码是一个测试模块,它在堆上生成了一个数组<code>stack</code>,初步看起来数组挺大的,先尝试运行下<code>cargo test</code>:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>你很可能会遇到<code>#![feature(test)]</code>错误,因为该特性目前只存在<code>Rust Nightly</code>版本上,具体解决方法见<a href="https://course.rs/appendix/rust-version.html#%E5%9C%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-rust-nightly">Rust 语言圣经</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<pre><code class="language-console">running 1 test
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thread 'tests::it_works' has overflowed its stack
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fatal runtime error: stack overflow
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</code></pre>
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<p>Bang,很不幸,遇到了百年一遇的栈溢出错误,再来试试<code>cargo bench</code>,竟然通过了测试,这是什么原因?为何<code>cargo test</code>和<code>cargo bench</code>拥有完全不同的行为?这就要从 Rust 的栈原理讲起。</p>
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<p>首先看看<code>stack</code>数组,它的大小是<code>8 × 2 × 512 × 512 = 4 MiB</code>,嗯,很大,崩溃也正常(读者说,正常,只是作者你不太正常。。).</p>
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<p>其次,<code>cargo test</code>和<code>cargo bench</code>,前者运行在一个新创建的线程上,而后者运行在<strong>main 线程上</strong>.</p>
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<p>最后,<code>main</code>线程由于是老大,所以资源比较多,拥有令其它兄弟艳羡不已的<code>8MB</code>栈大小,而其它新线程只有区区<code>2MB</code>栈大小(取决于操作系统,<code>linux</code>是<code>2MB</code>,其它的可能更小),再对比我们的<code>stack</code>大小,不崩溃就奇怪了。</p>
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<p>因此,你现在明白,为何<code>cargo test</code>不能运行,而<code>cargo bench</code>却可以欢快运行。</p>
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<p>如果实在想要增大栈的默认大小,以通过该测试,你可以这样运行:<code>RUST_MIN_STACK=8388608 cargo test</code>,结果如下:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">running 1 test
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test tests::it_works ... ok
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test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
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</code></pre>
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<p>Bingo, 成功了,最后再补充点测试的背景知识:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><code>cargo test</code>为何使用新线程?因为它需要并行的运行测试用例,与之相反,<code>cargo bench</code>只需要顺序的执行,因此 main 线程足矣</p>
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