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<h1 id="使用-tracing-输出自定义的-rust-日志"><a class="header" href="#使用-tracing-输出自定义的-rust-日志">使用 tracing 输出自定义的 Rust 日志</a></h1>
<p><a href="https://docs.rs/crate/tracing/latest">tracing</a> 包出来前Rust 的日志也就 <code>log</code> 有一战之力,但是 <code>log</code> 的功能相对来说还是简单一些。在大名鼎鼎的 tokio 开发团队推出 <code>tracing</code> 后,我现在坚定的认为 <code>tracing</code> 就是未来!</p>
<blockquote>
<p>截至目前rust编译器团队、GraphQL 都在使用 tracing而且 tokio 在密谋一件大事:基于 tracing 开发一套终端交互式 debug 工具: <a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/console">console</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>基于这种坚定的信仰,我们决定将公司之前使用的 <code>log</code> 包替换成 <code>tracing</code> ,但是有一个问题:后者提供的 JSON logger 总感觉不是那个味儿。这意味着,对于程序员来说,最快乐的时光又要到来了:定制自己的开发工具。</p>
<p>好了,闲话少说,下面我们一起来看看该如何构建自己的 logger以及深入了解 tracing 的一些原理,当然你也可以只选择来凑个热闹,总之,开始吧!</p>
<h2 id="打地基1"><a class="header" href="#打地基1">打地基(1)</a></h2>
<p>首先,使用 <code>cargo new --bin test-tracing</code> 创建一个新的二进制类型( binary )的项目。</p>
<p>然后引入以下依赖:</p>
<pre><code class="language-toml"># in cargo.toml
[dependencies]
serde_json = &quot;1&quot;
tracing = &quot;0.1&quot;
tracing-subscriber = &quot;0.3&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>其中 <code>tracing-subscriber</code> 用于订阅正在发生的日志、监控事件,然后可以对它们进行进一步的处理。<code>serde_json</code> 可以帮我们更好的处理格式化的 JSON毕竟咱们要解决的问题就来自于 JSON logger。</p>
<p>下面来实现一个基本功能:设置自定义的 logger并使用 <code>info!</code> 来打印一行日志。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">// in examples/figure_0/main.rs
use tracing::info;
use tracing_subscriber::prelude::*;
mod custom_layer;
use custom_layer::CustomLayer;
fn main() {
// 设置 `tracing-subscriber` 对 tracing 数据的处理方式
tracing_subscriber::registry().with(CustomLayer).init();
// 打印一条简单的日志。用 `tracing` 的行话来说,`info!` 将创建一个事件
info!(a_bool = true, answer = 42, message = &quot;first example&quot;);
}</code></pre></pre>
<p>大家会发现,上面引入了一个模块 <code>custom_layer</code> 下面从该模块开始,来实现我们的自定义 logger。首先<code>tracing-subscriber</code> 提供了一个特征 <a href="https://docs.rs/tracing-subscriber/0.3/tracing_subscriber/layer/trait.Layer.html"><code>Layer</code></a> 专门用于处理 <code>tracing</code> 的各种事件( span, event )。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_0/custom_layer.rs
use tracing_subscriber::Layer;
pub struct CustomLayer;
impl&lt;S&gt; Layer&lt;S&gt; for CustomLayer where S: tracing::Subscriber {}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>由于还没有填入任何代码,运行该示例比你打的水漂还无力 - 毫无效果。</p>
<h2 id="捕获事件"><a class="header" href="#捕获事件">捕获事件</a></h2>
<p><code>tracing</code> 中,当 <code>info!</code><code>error!</code> 等日志宏被调用时,就会产生一个相应的<a href="https://docs.rs/tracing/0.1/tracing/event/struct.Event.html">事件 Event</a></p>
<p>而我们首先,就要为之前的 <code>Layer</code> 特征实现 <code>on_event</code> 方法。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust editable edition2021">// in examples/figure_0/custom_layer.rs
where
S: tracing::Subscriber,
{
fn on_event(
&amp;self,
event: &amp;tracing::Event&lt;'_&gt;,
_ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;,
) {
println!(&quot;Got event!&quot;);
println!(&quot; level={:?}&quot;, event.metadata().level());
println!(&quot; target={:?}&quot;, event.metadata().target());
println!(&quot; name={:?}&quot;, event.metadata().name());
for field in event.fields() {
println!(&quot; field={}&quot;, field.name());
}
}
}</code></pre></pre>
<p>从代码中可以看出,我们打印了事件中包含的事件名、日志等级以及事件发生的代码路径。运行后,可以看到以下输出:</p>
<pre><code class="language-properties">$ cargo run --example figure_1
Got event!
level=Level(Info)
target=&quot;figure_1&quot;
name=&quot;event examples/figure_1/main.rs:10&quot;
field=a_bool
field=answer
field=message
</code></pre>
<p>但是奇怪的是,我们无法通过 API 来获取到具体的 <code>field</code> 值。还有就是,上面的输出还不是 JSON 格式。</p>
<p>现在问题来了,要创建自己的 logger不能获取 <code>filed</code> 显然是不靠谱的。</p>
<h3 id="访问者模式"><a class="header" href="#访问者模式">访问者模式</a></h3>
<p>在设计上,<code>tracing</code> 作出了一个选择:永远不会自动存储产生的事件数据( spans, events )。如果我们要获取这些数据,就必须自己手动存储。</p>
<p>解决办法就是使用访问者模式(Visitor Pattern):手动实现 <code>Visit</code> 特征去获取事件中的值。<code>Visit</code> 为每个 <code>tracing</code> 可以处理的类型都提供了对应的 <code>record_X</code> 方法。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_2/custom_layer.rs
struct PrintlnVisitor;
impl tracing::field::Visit for PrintlnVisitor {
fn record_f64(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: f64) {
println!(&quot; field={} value={}&quot;, field.name(), value)
}
fn record_i64(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: i64) {
println!(&quot; field={} value={}&quot;, field.name(), value)
}
fn record_u64(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: u64) {
println!(&quot; field={} value={}&quot;, field.name(), value)
}
fn record_bool(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: bool) {
println!(&quot; field={} value={}&quot;, field.name(), value)
}
fn record_str(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: &amp;str) {
println!(&quot; field={} value={}&quot;, field.name(), value)
}
fn record_error(
&amp;mut self,
field: &amp;tracing::field::Field,
value: &amp;(dyn std::error::Error + 'static),
) {
println!(&quot; field={} value={}&quot;, field.name(), value)
}
fn record_debug(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: &amp;dyn std::fmt::Debug) {
println!(&quot; field={} value={:?}&quot;, field.name(), value)
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>然后在之前的 <code>on_event</code> 中来使用这个新的访问者: <code>event.record(&amp;mut visitor)</code> 可以访问其中的所有值。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_2/custom_layer.rs
fn on_event(
&amp;self,
event: &amp;tracing::Event&lt;'_&gt;,
_ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;,
) {
println!(&quot;Got event!&quot;);
println!(&quot; level={:?}&quot;, event.metadata().level());
println!(&quot; target={:?}&quot;, event.metadata().target());
println!(&quot; name={:?}&quot;, event.metadata().name());
let mut visitor = PrintlnVisitor;
event.record(&amp;mut visitor);
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>这段代码看起来有模有样,来运行下试试:</p>
<pre><code class="language-properties">$ cargo run --example figure_2
Got event!
level=Level(Info)
target=&quot;figure_2&quot;
name=&quot;event examples/figure_2/main.rs:10&quot;
field=a_bool value=true
field=answer value=42
field=message value=first example
</code></pre>
<p>Bingo ! 一切完美运行 </p>
<h3 id="构建-json-logger"><a class="header" href="#构建-json-logger">构建 JSON logger</a></h3>
<p>目前为止,离我们想要的 JSON logger 只差一步了。下面来实现一个 <code>JsonVisitor</code> 替代之前的 <code>PrintlnVisitor</code> 用于构建一个 JSON 对象。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_3/custom_layer.rs
impl&lt;'a&gt; tracing::field::Visit for JsonVisitor&lt;'a&gt; {
fn record_f64(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: f64) {
self.0
.insert(field.name().to_string(), serde_json::json!(value));
}
fn record_i64(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: i64) {
self.0
.insert(field.name().to_string(), serde_json::json!(value));
}
fn record_u64(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: u64) {
self.0
.insert(field.name().to_string(), serde_json::json!(value));
}
fn record_bool(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: bool) {
self.0
.insert(field.name().to_string(), serde_json::json!(value));
}
fn record_str(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: &amp;str) {
self.0
.insert(field.name().to_string(), serde_json::json!(value));
}
fn record_error(
&amp;mut self,
field: &amp;tracing::field::Field,
value: &amp;(dyn std::error::Error + 'static),
) {
self.0.insert(
field.name().to_string(),
serde_json::json!(value.to_string()),
);
}
fn record_debug(&amp;mut self, field: &amp;tracing::field::Field, value: &amp;dyn std::fmt::Debug) {
self.0.insert(
field.name().to_string(),
serde_json::json!(format!(&quot;{:?}&quot;, value)),
);
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_3/custom_layer.rs
fn on_event(
&amp;self,
event: &amp;tracing::Event&lt;'_&gt;,
_ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;,
) {
// Covert the values into a JSON object
let mut fields = BTreeMap::new();
let mut visitor = JsonVisitor(&amp;mut fields);
event.record(&amp;mut visitor);
// Output the event in JSON
let output = serde_json::json!({
&quot;target&quot;: event.metadata().target(),
&quot;name&quot;: event.metadata().name(),
&quot;level&quot;: format!(&quot;{:?}&quot;, event.metadata().level()),
&quot;fields&quot;: fields,
});
println!(&quot;{}&quot;, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&amp;output).unwrap());
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>继续运行:</p>
<pre><code class="language-properties">$ cargo run --example figure_3
{
&quot;fields&quot;: {
&quot;a_bool&quot;: true,
&quot;answer&quot;: 42,
&quot;message&quot;: &quot;first example&quot;
},
&quot;level&quot;: &quot;Level(Info)&quot;,
&quot;name&quot;: &quot;event examples/figure_3/main.rs:10&quot;,
&quot;target&quot;: &quot;figure_3&quot;
}
</code></pre>
<p>终于,我们实现了自己的 logger并且成功地输出了一条 JSON 格式的日志。并且新实现的 <code>Layer</code> 就可以添加到 <code>tracing-subscriber</code> 中用于记录日志事件。</p>
<p>下面再来一起看看如何使用<code>tracing</code> 提供的 <code>period-of-time spans</code> 为日志增加更详细的上下文信息。</p>
<h3 id="何为-span"><a class="header" href="#何为-span">何为 span</a></h3>
<p>在之前我们多次提到 span 这个词,但是何为 span</p>
<p>不知道大家知道分布式追踪不?在分布式系统中每一个请求从开始到返回,会经过多个服务,这条请求路径被称为请求跟踪链路( trace ),可以看出,一条链路是由多个部分组成,我们可以简单的把其中一个部分认为是一个 span。</p>
<p>跟 log 是对某个时间点的记录不同span 记录的是一个时间段。当程序开始执行一系列任务时span 就会开始当这一系列任务结束后span 也随之结束。</p>
<p>由此可见tracing 其实不仅仅是一个日志库,它还是一个分布式追踪的库,可以帮助我们采集信息,然后上传给 jaeger 等分布式追踪平台,最终实现对指定应用程序的监控。</p>
<p>在理解后,再来看看该如何为自定义的 logger 实现 spans。</p>
<h3 id="打地基2"><a class="header" href="#打地基2">打地基(2)</a></h3>
<p>先来创建一个外部 span 和一个内部 span从概念上来说spans 和 events 创建的东东类似以下嵌套结构:</p>
<ul>
<li>进入外部 span
<ul>
<li>进入内部 span
<ul>
<li>事件已创建,内部 span 是它的父 span外部 span 是它的祖父 span</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>结束内部 span</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>结束外部 span</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>有些同学可能还是不太理解,你就把 span 理解成为监控埋点,进入 span == 埋点开始,结束 span == 埋点结束</p>
</blockquote>
<p>在下面的代码中,当使用 <code>span.enter()</code> 创建的 span 超出作用域时,将自动退出:根据 <code>Drop</code> 特征触发的顺序,<code>inner_span</code> 将先退出,然后才是 <code>outer_span</code> 的退出。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021">// in examples/figure_5/main.rs
use tracing::{debug_span, info, info_span};
use tracing_subscriber::prelude::*;
mod custom_layer;
use custom_layer::CustomLayer;
fn main() {
tracing_subscriber::registry().with(CustomLayer).init();
let outer_span = info_span!(&quot;outer&quot;, level = 0);
let _outer_entered = outer_span.enter();
let inner_span = debug_span!(&quot;inner&quot;, level = 1);
let _inner_entered = inner_span.enter();
info!(a_bool = true, answer = 42, message = &quot;first example&quot;);
}</code></pre></pre>
<p>再回到事件处理部分,通过使用 <code>examples/figure_0/main.rs</code> 我们能获取到事件的父 span当然前提是它存在。但是在实际场景中直接使用 <code>ctx.event_scope(event)</code> 来迭代所有 span 会更加简单好用。</p>
<p>注意,这种迭代顺序类似于栈结构,以上面的代码为例,先被迭代的是 <code>inner_span</code>,然后才是 <code>outer_span</code></p>
<p>当然,如果你不想以类似于出栈的方式访问,还可以使用 <code>scope.from_root()</code> 直接反转,此时的访问将从最外层开始: <code>outer -&gt; innter</code></p>
<p>对了,为了使用 <code>ctx.event_scope()</code>,我们的订阅者还需实现 <code>LookupRef</code>。提前给出免责声明:这里的实现方式有些诡异,大家可能难以理解,但是..我们其实也无需理解,只要这么用即可。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>译者注:这里用到了高阶生命周期 HRTB( Higher Ranke Trait Bounds ) 的概念,一般的读者无需了解,感兴趣的可以看看(这里)[https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/hrtb.html]</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_5/custom_layer.rs
impl&lt;S&gt; Layer&lt;S&gt; for CustomLayer
where
S: tracing::Subscriber,
// 好可怕! 还好我们不需要理解它,只要使用即可
S: for&lt;'lookup&gt; tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan&lt;'lookup&gt;,
{
fn on_event(&amp;self, event: &amp;tracing::Event&lt;'_&gt;, ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;) {
// 父 span
let parent_span = ctx.event_span(event).unwrap();
println!(&quot;parent span&quot;);
println!(&quot; name={}&quot;, parent_span.name());
println!(&quot; target={}&quot;, parent_span.metadata().target());
println!();
// 迭代范围内的所有的 spans
let scope = ctx.event_scope(event).unwrap();
for span in scope.from_root() {
println!(&quot;an ancestor span&quot;);
println!(&quot; name={}&quot;, span.name());
println!(&quot; target={}&quot;, span.metadata().target());
}
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>运行下看看效果:</p>
<pre><code class="language-properties">$ cargo run --example figure_5
parent span
name=inner
target=figure_5
an ancestor span
name=outer
target=figure_5
an ancestor span
name=inner
target=figure_5
</code></pre>
<p>细心的同学可能会发现,这里怎么也没有 field 数据?没错,而且恰恰是这些 field 包含的数据才让日志和监控有意义。那我们可以像之前一样,使用访问器 Visitor 来解决吗?</p>
<h3 id="span-的数据在哪里"><a class="header" href="#span-的数据在哪里">span 的数据在哪里</a></h3>
<p>答案是No。因为 <code>ctx.event_scope </code> 返回的东东没有任何办法可以访问其中的字段。</p>
<p>不知道大家还记得我们为何之前要使用访问器吗?很简单,因为 <code>tracing</code> 默认不会去存储数据,既然如此,那 <code>span</code> 这种跨了某个时间段的,就更不可能去存储数据了。</p>
<p>现在只能看看 <code>Layer</code> 特征有没有提供其它的方法了,哦呦,发现了一个 <code>on_new_span</code>,从名字可以看出,该方法是在 <code>span</code> 创建时调用的。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_6/custom_layer.rs
impl&lt;S&gt; Layer&lt;S&gt; for CustomLayer
where
S: tracing::Subscriber,
S: for&lt;'lookup&gt; tracing_subscriber::registry::LookupSpan&lt;'lookup&gt;,
{
fn on_new_span(
&amp;self,
attrs: &amp;tracing::span::Attributes&lt;'_&gt;,
id: &amp;tracing::span::Id,
ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;,
) {
let span = ctx.span(id).unwrap();
println!(&quot;Got on_new_span!&quot;);
println!(&quot; level={:?}&quot;, span.metadata().level());
println!(&quot; target={:?}&quot;, span.metadata().target());
println!(&quot; name={:?}&quot;, span.metadata().name());
// Our old friend, `println!` exploration.
let mut visitor = PrintlnVisitor;
attrs.record(&amp;mut visitor);
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-properties">$ cargo run --example figure_6
Got on_new_span!
level=Level(Info)
target=&quot;figure_7&quot;
name=&quot;outer&quot;
field=level value=0
Got on_new_span!
level=Level(Debug)
target=&quot;figure_7&quot;
name=&quot;inner&quot;
field=level value=1
</code></pre>
<p>芜湖! 我们的数据回来了!但是这里有一个隐患:只能在创建的时候去访问数据。如果仅仅是为了记录 spans那没什么大问题但是如果我们随后需要记录事件然后去尝试访问之前的 span 呢?此时 span 的数据已经不存在了!</p>
<p>如果 <code>tracing</code> 不能存储数据,那我们这些可怜的开发者该怎么办?</p>
<h3 id="自己存储-span-数据"><a class="header" href="#自己存储-span-数据">自己存储 span 数据</a></h3>
<p>何为一个优秀的程序员?能偷懒的时候绝不多动半跟手指,但是需要勤快的时候,也是自己动手丰衣足食的典型。</p>
<p>因此,既然 <code>tracing</code> 不支持,那就自己实现吧。先确定一个目标:捕获 span 的数据,然后存储在某个地方以便后续访问。</p>
<p>好在 <code>tracing-subscriber</code> 提供了扩展 extensions 的方式,可以让我们轻松地存储自己的数据,该扩展甚至可以跟每一个 span 联系在一起!</p>
<p>虽然我们可以把之前见过的 <code>BTreeMap&lt;String, serde_json::Value&gt;</code> 存在扩展中,但是由于扩展数据是被 registry 中的所有layers 所共享的,因此出于私密性的考虑,还是只保存私有字段比较合适。这里使用一个 newtype 模式来创建新的类型:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_8/custom_layer.rs
#[derive(Debug)]
struct CustomFieldStorage(BTreeMap&lt;String, serde_json::Value&gt;);
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>每次发现一个新的 span 时,都基于它来构建一个 JSON 对象,然后将其存储在扩展数据中。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_8/custom_layer.rs
fn on_new_span(
&amp;self,
attrs: &amp;tracing::span::Attributes&lt;'_&gt;,
id: &amp;tracing::span::Id,
ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;,
) {
// 基于 field 值来构建我们自己的 JSON 对象
let mut fields = BTreeMap::new();
let mut visitor = JsonVisitor(&amp;mut fields);
attrs.record(&amp;mut visitor);
// 使用之前创建的 newtype 包裹下
let storage = CustomFieldStorage(fields);
// 获取内部 span 数据的引用
let span = ctx.span(id).unwrap();
// 获取扩展,用于存储我们的 span 数据
let mut extensions = span.extensions_mut();
// 存储!
extensions.insert::&lt;CustomFieldStorage&gt;(storage);
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>这样,未来任何时候我们都可以取到该 span 包含的数据( 例如在 <code>on_event</code> 方法中 )。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_8/custom_layer.rs
fn on_event(&amp;self, event: &amp;tracing::Event&lt;'_&gt;, ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;) {
let scope = ctx.event_scope(event).unwrap();
println!(&quot;Got event!&quot;);
for span in scope.from_root() {
let extensions = span.extensions();
let storage = extensions.get::&lt;CustomFieldStorage&gt;().unwrap();
println!(&quot; span&quot;);
println!(&quot; target={:?}&quot;, span.metadata().target());
println!(&quot; name={:?}&quot;, span.metadata().name());
println!(&quot; stored fields={:?}&quot;, storage);
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<h3 id="功能齐全的-json-logger"><a class="header" href="#功能齐全的-json-logger">功能齐全的 JSON logger</a></h3>
<p>截至目前,我们已经学了不少东西,下面来利用这些知识实现最后的 JSON logger。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_9/custom_layer.rs
fn on_event(&amp;self, event: &amp;tracing::Event&lt;'_&gt;, ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;) {
// All of the span context
let scope = ctx.event_scope(event).unwrap();
let mut spans = vec![];
for span in scope.from_root() {
let extensions = span.extensions();
let storage = extensions.get::&lt;CustomFieldStorage&gt;().unwrap();
let field_data: &amp;BTreeMap&lt;String, serde_json::Value&gt; = &amp;storage.0;
spans.push(serde_json::json!({
&quot;target&quot;: span.metadata().target(),
&quot;name&quot;: span.name(),
&quot;level&quot;: format!(&quot;{:?}&quot;, span.metadata().level()),
&quot;fields&quot;: field_data,
}));
}
// The fields of the event
let mut fields = BTreeMap::new();
let mut visitor = JsonVisitor(&amp;mut fields);
event.record(&amp;mut visitor);
// And create our output
let output = serde_json::json!({
&quot;target&quot;: event.metadata().target(),
&quot;name&quot;: event.metadata().name(),
&quot;level&quot;: format!(&quot;{:?}&quot;, event.metadata().level()),
&quot;fields&quot;: fields,
&quot;spans&quot;: spans,
});
println!(&quot;{}&quot;, serde_json::to_string_pretty(&amp;output).unwrap());
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<pre><code class="language-properties">$ cargo run --example figure_9
{
&quot;fields&quot;: {
&quot;a_bool&quot;: true,
&quot;answer&quot;: 42,
&quot;message&quot;: &quot;first example&quot;
},
&quot;level&quot;: &quot;Level(Info)&quot;,
&quot;name&quot;: &quot;event examples/figure_9/main.rs:16&quot;,
&quot;spans&quot;: [
{
&quot;fields&quot;: {
&quot;level&quot;: 0
},
&quot;level&quot;: &quot;Level(Info)&quot;,
&quot;name&quot;: &quot;outer&quot;,
&quot;target&quot;: &quot;figure_9&quot;
},
{
&quot;fields&quot;: {
&quot;level&quot;: 1
},
&quot;level&quot;: &quot;Level(Debug)&quot;,
&quot;name&quot;: &quot;inner&quot;,
&quot;target&quot;: &quot;figure_9&quot;
}
],
&quot;target&quot;: &quot;figure_9&quot;
}
</code></pre>
<p>嗯,完美。</p>
<h3 id="等等你说功能齐全"><a class="header" href="#等等你说功能齐全">等等,你说功能齐全?</a></h3>
<p>上面的代码在发布到生产环境后,依然运行地相当不错,但是我发现还缺失了一个功能: span 在创建之后,依然要能记录数据。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_10/main.rs
let outer_span = info_span!(&quot;outer&quot;, level = 0, other_field = tracing::field::Empty);
let _outer_entered = outer_span.enter();
// Some code...
outer_span.record(&quot;other_field&quot;, &amp;7);
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>如果基于之前的代码运行上面的代码,我们将不会记录 <code>other_field</code>,因为该字段在收到 <code>on_new_span</code> 事件时,还不存在。</p>
<p>对此,<code>Layer</code> 提供了 <code>on_record</code> 方法:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// in examples/figure_10/custom_layer.rs
fn on_record(
&amp;self,
id: &amp;tracing::span::Id,
values: &amp;tracing::span::Record&lt;'_&gt;,
ctx: tracing_subscriber::layer::Context&lt;'_, S&gt;,
) {
// 获取正在记录数据的 span
let span = ctx.span(id).unwrap();
// 获取数据的可变引用,该数据是在 on_new_span 中创建的
let mut extensions_mut = span.extensions_mut();
let custom_field_storage: &amp;mut CustomFieldStorage =
extensions_mut.get_mut::&lt;CustomFieldStorage&gt;().unwrap();
let json_data: &amp;mut BTreeMap&lt;String, serde_json::Value&gt; = &amp;mut custom_field_storage.0;
// 使用我们的访问器老朋友
let mut visitor = JsonVisitor(json_data);
values.record(&amp;mut visitor);
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>终于,在最后,我们拥有了一个功能齐全的自定义的 JSON logger大家快去尝试下吧。当然你也可以根据自己的需求来定制专属于你的 logger毕竟方法是一通百通的。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在以下 github 仓库,可以找到完整的代码: https://github.com/bryanburgers/tracing-blog-post </p>
<p>本文由 Rustt 提供翻译
原文链接: https://github.com/studyrs/Rustt/blob/main/Articles/%5B2022-04-07%5D%20在%20Rust%20中使用%20tracing%20自定义日志.md</p>
</blockquote>
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