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<main>
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<h1 id="rust-新版解读--175--async-trait-和-rpitit"><a class="header" href="#rust-新版解读--175--async-trait-和-rpitit">Rust 新版解读 | 1.75 | async trait 和 RPITIT</a></h1>
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<blockquote>
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|
|
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<p>Rust 1.75 官方 release doc: <a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/12/28/Rust-1.75.0.html">Announcing Rust 1.75.0 | Rust Blog</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>通过 <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install">rustup</a> 安装的同学可以使用以下命令升级到 1.75 版本:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">$ rustup update stable
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="在-traits-里使用-async-fn-和--impl-trait-形式的返回值"><a class="header" href="#在-traits-里使用-async-fn-和--impl-trait-形式的返回值">在 traits 里使用 <code>async fn</code> 和 <code>impl Trait</code> 形式的返回值</a></h2>
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<p>之前的<a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/12/21/async-fn-rpit-in-traits.html">文章</a>里也提到了，Rust 1.75 将支持在 traits 里使用 <code>async fn</code> 和 <code>impl Trait</code> 形式的返回值。不过如同前文所说这个版本还是有一些限制。</p>
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<p>译者注：实践上来说，即使不考虑兼容低版本的rustc，目前也还是需要使用主流的 async-trait 三方库来写出简洁灵活的 async traits。不过相信官方团队最终肯定会都跟进吸纳这些实用的功能的。</p>
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<h2 id="指针字节偏移api"><a class="header" href="#指针字节偏移api">指针字节偏移API</a></h2>
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<p>裸指针（<code>*const T</code>和 <code>*mut T</code>）以前主要用作操作某个具体的类型为T的对象。例如，<code><* const T>::add(1)</code> 会将大小是 <code>size_of::<T>()</code> 的字节数添加到指针指向的地址上。在某些情况下，使用字节偏移更方便，这些新API避免了调用者需要先将指针转换为 <code>*const u8</code> / <code>*mut u8</code> 的情况。</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.byte_add"><code>pointer::byte_add</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.byte_offset"><code>pointer::byte_offset</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.byte_offset_from"><code>pointer::byte_offset_from</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.byte_sub"><code>pointer::byte_sub</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.wrapping_byte_add"><code>pointer::wrapping_byte_add</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.wrapping_byte_offset"><code>pointer::wrapping_byte_offset</code></a></li>
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/primitive.pointer.html#method.wrapping_byte_sub"><code>pointer::wrapping_byte_sub</code></a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="rustc-的代码布局优化"><a class="header" href="#rustc-的代码布局优化">rustc 的代码布局优化</a></h2>
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<p>Rust编译器的的速度一直在优化，当前新版本应用了<a href="https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/bolt/README.md">LLVM - BOLT</a>到二进制发布包，使得我们的基准测试用时时间改善了2%。这个工具优化了librustc_driver.so库的布局，能更好地利用缓存。</p>
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<p>我们现在也用 <code>-Ccodegen-units=1</code> 来构建rustc，这为LLVM提供了更多的优化机会。这个优化使得我们的基准测试平均用时又提高了1.5%。</p>
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<p>这些优化暂时仅限于x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu编译器，但我们预计后续会扩展到更多平台。</p>
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<h2 id="others"><a class="header" href="#others">Others</a></h2>
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<p>其它更新细节，和稳定的API列表，参考<a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/12/28/Rust-1.75.0.html#stabilized-apis">原Blog</a></p>
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