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# 安装Rust
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强烈建议使用`rustup`来安装Rust,当然如果你有异心,请寻找其它安装方式,然后再从下一节开始阅读。
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> haha,开个玩笑,读者乃大大,怎么能弃之不顾,所以,注意:如果你不想用或者不能用rustup,请参见[Rust其它安装方法](https://forge.rust-lang.org/infra/other-installation-methods.html#other-rust-installation-methods)
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现在Rust稳定版特性越来越全了,因此下载最新稳定版本即可。由于你用的Rust版本可能跟本书写的时候不一样,一些编译错误和警告可能也会有所不同。
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### 在 Linux 或 macOS 上安装 `rustup`
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如果你使用的是 Linux 或 macOS,打开终端并输入下面命令:
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```console
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$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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```
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这个命令将下载一个脚本并开始安装 `rustup` 工具,此工具将安装 `Rust` 的最新稳定版本。可能会提示你输入管理员密码, 如果安装成功,将出现下面这行:
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```text
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Rust is installed now. Great!
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```
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注意,上面已经完成了Rust安装,**假如在安装过程中遇到连接器错误,请继续往下看**,否则可以直接跳到[更新和卸载](#更新和卸载),继续阅读.
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Rust对运行环境和Go语言很像,几乎所有环境都可以无需安装任何依赖直接运行,但是,Rust会依赖`libc`和链接器`linker`,所以如果遇到了提示链接器无法执行的错误,你需要手动安装一个C语言编译器:
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**在Macos下**
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```console
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$ xcode-select --install
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```
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**在linux下**
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Linux 用户一般应按照相应发行版的文档来安装`GCC`或`Clang`。例如,如果你使用 Ubuntu,则可安装 `build-essential`。
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### 在 Windows 上安装 `rustup`
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windows上安装Rust需要有`c++`环境,以下为安装的两种方式:
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**1、x86_64-pc-windows-msvc(官方推荐)**
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先安装 [Microsoft C++ Build Tools](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/visual-cpp-build-tools/),安装勾选 C++ 环境即可,安装时 可自行修改缓存路径与安装路径,避免占用过多C盘空间。
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准备好 C++ 环境后开始安装Rust: 在[RUSTUP-INIT](https://www.rust-lang.org/learn/get-started) 下载系统相对应的Rust安装程序, 一路默认即可。
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``` shell
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PS C:\Users\Hehongyuan> rustup-init.exe
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......
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Current installation options:
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default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
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default toolchain: stable (default)
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profile: default
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modify PATH variable: yes
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1) Proceed with installation (default)
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2) Customize installation
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3) Cancel installation
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```
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**2、x86_64-pc-windows-gnu**
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相比于msvc版本来说,gnu版本具有更轻量,更靠近linux的优势
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### 更新和卸载
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首先,根据[MSYS2官网](https://www.msys2.org/)配置MSYS
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配置好后,在MSYS中输入
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```bash
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$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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```
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来安装rustup
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之后,根据以下输出进行配置
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```text
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Current installation options:
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default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
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default toolchain: stable (default)
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profile: default
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modify PATH variable: yes
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1) Proceed with installation (default)
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2) Customize installation
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3) Cancel installation
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>2
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I'm going to ask you the value of each of these installation options.
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You may simply press the Enter key to leave unchanged.
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Default host triple? [x86_64-pc-windows-msvc]
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x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
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Default toolchain? (stable/beta/nightly/none) [stable]
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stable
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Profile (which tools and data to install)? (minimal/default/complete) [default]
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complete
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Modify PATH variable? (Y/n)
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Y
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Current installation options:
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default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
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default toolchain: stable
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profile: complete
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modify PATH variable: yes
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1) Proceed with installation (default)
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2) Customize installation
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3) Cancel installation
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>
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```
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之后,按下1,等待
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完成后,您就已经安装了 `Rust` 和 `rustup`
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要卸载 `Rust` 和 `rustup`,在MSYS中运行以下卸载命令:
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```bash
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rustup self uninstall
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```
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### 检查安装是否成功
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检查是否正确安装了 Rust,可打开终端并输入下面这行, 此时能看到最新发布的稳定版本的版本号、提交哈希值和提交日期:
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```bash
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$ rustc -V
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rustc 1.56.1 (59eed8a2a 2021-11-01)
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```
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恭喜,你已成功安装 Rust!如果没看到此信息,并且你使用的是 Windows,请检查 Rust 是否在 `%PATH%` 系统变量中。如果都正确,但 `Rust` 仍然无法正常工作,那么你可以在很多地方获得帮助。最简单的是**加入Rust编程学院这个大家庭,QQ群:1009730433**.
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### 本地文档
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安装Rust的同时也会在本地安装一个文档服务,方便我们离线阅读: 运行 `rustup doc` 让浏览器打开本地文档。
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每当遇到标准库提供的类型或函数不知道怎么用时,都可以在 API 文档中查找到!具体参见[在标准库寻找你想要的内容](../std/search.md)
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