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< h1 id = "cargotoml-格式讲解" > < a class = "header" href = "#cargotoml-格式讲解" > Cargo.toml 格式讲解< / a > < / h1 >
< p > < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 又被称为清单( < code > manifest< / code > )，文件格式是 < code > TOML< / code > ，每一个清单文件都由以下部分组成：< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "unstable.html" > < code > cargo-features< / code > < / a > — 只能用于 < code > nightly< / code > 版本的 < code > feature< / code > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#package" > < code > [package]< / code > < / a > — 定义项目( < code > package< / code > )的元信息
< ul >
< li > < a href = "#name" > < code > name< / code > < / a > — 名称< / li >
< li > < a href = "#version" > < code > version< / code > < / a > — 版本< / li >
< li > < a href = "#authors" > < code > authors< / code > < / a > — 开发作者< / li >
< li > < a href = "#edition" > < code > edition< / code > < / a > — Rust edition.< / li >
< li > < a href = "#rust-version" > < code > rust-version< / code > < / a > — 支持的最小化 Rust 版本< / li >
< li > < a href = "#description" > < code > description< / code > < / a > — 描述< / li >
< li > < a href = "#documentation" > < code > documentation< / code > < / a > — 文档 URL< / li >
< li > < a href = "#readme" > < code > readme< / code > < / a > — README 文件的路径< / li >
< li > < a href = "#homepage" > < code > homepage< / code > < / a > - 主页 URL< / li >
< li > < a href = "#repository" > < code > repository< / code > < / a > — 源代码仓库的 URL< / li >
< li > < a href = "#license和license-file" > < code > license< / code > < / a > — 开源协议 License.< / li >
< li > < a href = "#license和license-file" > < code > license-file< / code > < / a > — License 文件的路径.< / li >
< li > < a href = "#keywords" > < code > keywords< / code > < / a > — 项目的关键词< / li >
< li > < a href = "#categories" > < code > categories< / code > < / a > — 项目分类< / li >
< li > < a href = "#workspace" > < code > workspace< / code > < / a > — 工作空间 workspace 的路径< / li >
< li > < a href = "#build" > < code > build< / code > < / a > — 构建脚本的路径< / li >
< li > < a href = "#links" > < code > links< / code > < / a > — 本地链接库的名称< / li >
< li > < a href = "#exclude和include" > < code > exclude< / code > < / a > — 发布时排除的文件< / li >
< li > < a href = "#exclude和include" > < code > include< / code > < / a > — 发布时包含的文件< / li >
< li > < a href = "#the-publish-field" > < code > publish< / code > < / a > — 用于阻止项目的发布< / li >
< li > < a href = "#metadata" > < code > metadata< / code > < / a > — 额外的配置信息，用于提供给外部工具< / li >
< li > < a href = "#default-run" > < code > default-run< / code > < / a > — [< code > cargo run< / code > ] 所使用的默认可执行文件( binary )< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#对象自动发现" > < code > autobins< / code > < / a > — 禁止可执行文件的自动发现< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#对象自动发现" > < code > autoexamples< / code > < / a > — 禁止示例文件的自动发现< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#对象自动发现" > < code > autotests< / code > < / a > — 禁止测试文件的自动发现< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#对象自动发现" > < code > autobenches< / code > < / a > — 禁止 bench 文件的自动发现< / li >
< li > < a href = "resolver.html#resolver-versions" > < code > resolver< / code > < / a > — 设置依赖解析器( dependency resolver)< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Cargo Target 列表: (查看 < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#Target配置" > Target 配置< / a > 获取详细设置)
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#库对象library" > < code > [lib]< / code > < / a > — Library target 设置.< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#二进制对象binaries" > < code > [[bin]]< / code > < / a > — Binary target 设置.< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#示例对象examples" > < code > [[example]]< / code > < / a > — Example target 设置.< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#测试对象tests" > < code > [[test]]< / code > < / a > — Test target 设置.< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#基准性能对象benches" > < code > [[bench]]< / code > < / a > — Benchmark target 设置.< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Dependency tables:
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/specify-deps.html" > < code > [dependencies]< / code > < / a > — 项目依赖包< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/specify-deps.html#dev-dependencies" > < code > [dev-dependencies]< / code > < / a > — 用于 examples、tests 和 benchmarks 的依赖包< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/specify-deps.html#build-dependencies" > < code > [build-dependencies]< / code > < / a > — 用于构建脚本的依赖包< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/specify-deps.html#根据平台引入依赖" > < code > [target]< / code > < / a > — 平台特定的依赖包< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > < a href = "#badges" > < code > [badges]< / code > < / a > — 用于在注册服务(例如 crates.io ) 上显示项目的一些状态信息， ： < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/features/intro.html" > < code > [features]< / code > < / a > — < code > features< / code > 可以用于条件编译< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/deps-overriding.html" > < code > [patch]< / code > < / a > — 推荐使用的依赖覆盖方式< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/deps-overriding.html#不推荐的replace" > < code > [replace]< / code > < / a > — 不推荐使用的依赖覆盖方式 (deprecated).< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/profiles.html" > < code > [profile]< / code > < / a > — 编译器设置和优化< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/workspaces.html" > < code > [workspace]< / code > < / a > — 工作空间的定义< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 下面，我们将对其中一些部分进行详细讲解。< / p >
< h2 id = "package" > < a class = "header" href = "#package" > [package]< / a > < / h2 >
< p > < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 中第一个部分就是 < code > package< / code > ，用于设置项目的相关信息：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
name = "hello_world" # the name of the package
version = "0.1.0" # the current version, obeying semver
authors = ["Alice < a@example.com> ", "Bob < b@example.com> "]
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 其中，只有 < code > name< / code > 和 < code > version< / code > 字段是< strong > 必须填写的< / strong > 。当发布到注册服务时，可能会有额外的字段要求，具体参见< a href = "publishing-on-crates.io.html" > 发布到 crates.io< / a > 。< / p >
< h4 id = "name" > < a class = "header" href = "#name" > name< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 项目名用于引用一个项目( < code > package< / code > )，它有几个用途：< / p >
< ul >
< li > 其它项目引用我们的 < code > package< / code > 时，会使用该 < code > name< / code > < / li >
< li > 编译出的可执行文件(bin target)的默认名称< / li >
< / ul >
< p > < code > name< / code > 只能使用 < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.char.html#method.is_alphanumeric" > < code > alphanumeric< / code > < / a > 字符、 < code > -< / code > 和 < code > _< / code > ，并且不能为空。< / p >
< p > 事实上，< code > name< / code > 的限制不止如此，例如:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > 当使用 < code > cargo new< / code > 或 < code > cargo init< / code > 创建时< / strong > ， < code > name< / code > 还会被施加额外的限制，例如不能使用 Rust 关键字名称作为 < code > name< / code > < / li >
< li > < strong > 如果要发布到 < code > crates.io< / code > ，那还有更多的限制< / strong > : < code > name< / code > 使用 < code > ASCII< / code > 码，不能使用已经被使用的名称，例如 < code > uuid< / code > 已经在 < code > crates.io< / code > 上被使用，因此我们只能使用类如 < code > uuid_v1< / code > 的名称，才能将项目发布到 < code > crates.io< / code > 上< / li >
< / ul >
< h4 id = "version" > < a class = "header" href = "#version" > version< / a > < / h4 >
< p > Cargo 使用了< a href = "https://semver.org" > 语义化版本控制< / a > 的概念，例如字符串 < code > "0.1.12"< / code > 是一个 < code > semver< / code > 格式的版本号，符合 < code > "x.y.z"< / code > 的形式，其中 < code > x< / code > 被称为主版本< code > major< / code > , < code > y< / code > 被称为小版本 < code > minor< / code > ，而 < code > z< / code > 被称为补丁 < code > patch< / code > ，可以看出从左到右，版本的影响范围逐步降低，补丁的更新是无关痛痒的，并不会造成 API 的兼容性被破坏。< / p >
< p > 使用该规则，你还需要遵循一些基本规则:< / p >
< ul >
< li > 使用标准的 < code > x.y.z< / code > 形式的版本号，例如 < code > 1.0.0< / code > 而不是 < code > 1.0< / code > < / li >
< li > 在版本到达 < code > 1.0.0< / code > 之前，怎么都行，但是如果有破坏性变更( breaking changes )，需要增加 < code > minor< / code > 版本号。例如，为结构体新增字段或为枚举新增成员就是一种破坏性变更< / li >
< li > 在 < code > 1.0.0< / code > 之后，如果发生破坏性变更，需要增加 < code > major< / code > 版本号< / li >
< li > 在 < code > 1.0.0< / code > 之后不要去破坏构建流程< / li >
< li > 在 < code > 1.0.0< / code > 之后，不要在 < code > patch< / code > 更新中添加新的 < code > api< / code > ( < code > pub< / code > 声明)，如果要添加新的 < code > pub< / code > 结构体、特征、类型、函数、方法等对象时，增加 < code > minor< / code > 版本号< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 如果大家想知道 Rust 如何使用版本号来解析依赖，可以查看< a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/reference/resolver.html" > 这里< / a > 。同时 < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/reference/semver.html" > SemVer 兼容性< / a > 提供了更为详尽的破坏性变更列表。< / p >
< h4 id = "authors" > < a class = "header" href = "#authors" > authors< / a > < / h4 >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
authors = ["Sunfei < contact@im.dev> "]
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 该字段仅用于项目的元信息描述和 < code > build.rs< / code > 用到的 < code > CARGO_PKG_AUTHORS< / code > 环境变量，它并不会显示在 < code > crates.io< / code > 界面上。< / p >
< blockquote >
< p > 警告：清单中的 < code > [package]< / code > 部分一旦发布到 < code > crates.io< / code > 就无法进行更改，因此对于已发布的包来说，< code > authors< / code > 字段是无法修改的< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h4 id = "edition" > < a class = "header" href = "#edition" > edition< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 可选字段，用于指定项目所使用的 < a href = "https://course.rs/appendix/rust-version.html" > Rust Edition< / a > 。< / p >
< p > 该配置将影响项目中的所有 < code > Cargo Target< / code > 和包， < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
edition = '2021'
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 大多数时候，我们都无需手动指定，因为 < code > cargo new< / code > 的时候，会自动帮我们添加。若 < code > edition< / code > 配置不存在，那 < code > 2015 Edition< / code > 会被默认使用。< / p >
< h4 id = "rust-version" > < a class = "header" href = "#rust-version" > rust-version< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 可选字段，用于说明你的项目支持的最低 Rust 版本(编译器能顺利完成编译)。一旦你使用的 Rust 版本比这个字段设置的要低，< code > Cargo< / code > 就会报错，然后告诉用户所需的最低版本。< / p >
< p > 该字段是在 Rust 1.56 引入的，若大家使用的 Rust 版本低于该版本，则该字段会被自动忽略时。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
edition = '2021'
rust-version = "1.56"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 还有一点，< code > rust-version< / code > 必须比第一个引入 < code > edition< / code > 的 Rust 版本要新。例如 Rust Edition 2021 是在 Rust 1.56 版本引入的，若你使用了 < code > edition = '2021'< / code > 的 < code > [package]< / code > 配置，则指定的 < code > rust version< / code > 字段必须要要大于等于 < code > 1.56< / code > 版本。< / p >
< p > 还可以使用 < code > --ignore-rust-version< / code > 命令行参数来忽略 < code > rust-version< / code > 。< / p >
< p > 该字段将影响项目中的所有 < code > Cargo Target< / code > 和包， < / p >
< h2 id = "description" > < a class = "header" href = "#description" > description< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 该字段是项目的简介，< code > crates.io< / code > 会在项目首页使用该字段包含的内容，< strong > 不支持 < code > Markdown< / code > 格式< / strong > 。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
description = "A short description of my package"
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
< p > 注意: 若发布 < code > crates.io< / code > ，则该字段是必须的< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h2 id = "documentation" > < a class = "header" href = "#documentation" > documentation< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 该字段用于说明项目文档的地址，若没有设置，< code > crates.io< / code > 会自动链接到 < code > docs.rs< / code > 上的相应页面。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
documentation = "https://docs.rs/bitflags"
< / code > < / pre >
< h4 id = "readme" > < a class = "header" href = "#readme" > readme< / a > < / h4 >
< p > < code > readme< / code > 字段指向项目的 < code > README.md< / code > 文件，该文件应该存在项目的根目录下(跟 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 同级)，用于向用户描述项目的详细信息，支持 < code > Markdown< / code > 格式。大家看到的 < code > crates.io< / code > 上的项目首页就是基于该文件的内容进行渲染的。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
readme = "README.md"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 若该字段未设置且项目根目录下存在 < code > README.md< / code > 、< code > README.txt< / code > 或 < code > README< / code > 文件，则该文件的名称将被默认使用。< / p >
< p > 你也可以通过将 < code > readme< / code > 设置为 < code > false< / code > 来禁止该功能，若设置为 < code > true< / code > ，则默认值 < code > README.md< / code > 将被使用。< / p >
< h4 id = "homepage" > < a class = "header" href = "#homepage" > homepage< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 该字段用于设置项目主页的 URL:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
homepage = "https://serde.rs/"
< / code > < / pre >
< h4 id = "repository" > < a class = "header" href = "#repository" > repository< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 设置项目的源代码仓库地址，例如 < code > GitHub< / code > 链接:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
repository = "https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/"
< / code > < / pre >
< h4 id = "license-和-license-file" > < a class = "header" href = "#license-和-license-file" > license 和 license-file< / a > < / h4 >
< p > < code > license< / code > 字段用于描述项目所遵循的开源协议。而 < code > license-file< / code > 则用于指定包含开源协议的文件所在的路径(相对于 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > )。< / p >
< p > 如果要发布到 < code > crates.io< / code > ，则该协议必须是 < a href = "https://spdx.dev/spdx-specification-21-web-version/#h.jxpfx0ykyb60" > SPDX2.1 协议表达式< / a > 。同时 < code > license< / code > 名称必须是来自于 < a href = "https://github.com/spdx/license-list-data/tree/v3.11" > SPDX 协议列表 3.11< / a > 。< / p >
< p > SPDX 只支持使用 < code > AND< / code > 、< code > OR< / code > 来组合多个开源协议:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < code > OR< / code > 代表用户可以任选一个协议进行遵循，而 < code > AND< / code > 表示用户必须要同时遵循两个协议。还可以通过 < code > WITH< / code > 来在指定协议之外添加额外的要求:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > MIT OR Apache-2.0< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > LGPL-2.1-only AND MIT AND BSD-2-Clause< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > GPL-2.0-or-later WITH Bison-exception-2.2< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < strong > 若项目使用了非标准的协议< / strong > ，你可以通过指定 < code > license-file< / code > 字段来替代 < code > license< / code > 的使用:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
license-file = "LICENSE.txt"
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
< p > 注意： < code > license< / code > 或 < code > license-file< / code > < / p >
< / blockquote >
< h4 id = "keywords" > < a class = "header" href = "#keywords" > keywords< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 该字段使用字符串数组的方式来指定项目的关键字列表，当用户在 < code > crates.io< / code > 上搜索时，这些关键字可以提供索引的功能。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
keywords = ["gamedev", "graphics"]
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
< p > 注意：< code > crates.io< / code > 最多只支持 5 个关键字，每个关键字都必须是合法的 < code > ASCII< / code > 文本，且需要使用字母作为开头，只能包含字母、数字、< code > _< / code > 和 < code > -< / code > ，最多支持 20 个字符长度< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h4 id = "categories" > < a class = "header" href = "#categories" > categories< / a > < / h4 >
< p > < code > categories< / code > 用于描述项目所属的类别:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > categories = ["command-line-utilities", "development-tools::cargo-plugins"]
< / code > < / pre >
< blockquote >
< p > 注意：< code > crates.io< / code > 最多只支持 5 个类别，目前不支持用户随意自定义类别，你所使用的类别需要跟 < a href = "https://crates.io/category_slugs" > https://crates.io/category_slugs< / a > 上的类别< strong > 精准匹配< / strong > 。< / p >
< / blockquote >
< h4 id = "workspace" > < a class = "header" href = "#workspace" > workspace< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 该字段用于配置当前项目所属的工作空间。< / p >
< p > 若没有设置，则将沿着文件目录向上寻找，直至找到第一个 设置了 < code > [workspace]< / code > 的< code > Cargo.toml< / code > 。因此，当一个成员不在工作空间的子目录时，设置该字段将非常有用。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
workspace = "path/to/workspace/root"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 需要注意的是 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 清单还有一个 < code > [workspace]< / code > 部分专门用于设置工作空间，若它被设置了，则 < code > package< / code > 中的 < code > workspace< / code > 字段将无法被指定。这是因为一个包无法同时满足两个角色：< / p >
< ul >
< li > 该包是工作空间的根包(root crate)，通过 < code > [workspace]< / code > 指定)< / li >
< li > 该包是另一个工作空间的成员，通过 < code > package.workspace< / code > 指定< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 若要了解工作空间的更多信息，请参见< a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/workspaces.html" > 这里< / a > 。< / p >
< h4 id = "build" > < a class = "header" href = "#build" > build< / a > < / h4 >
< p > < code > build< / code > 用于指定位于项目根目录中的构建脚本，关于构建脚本的更多信息，可以阅读 < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/build-script/intro.html" > 构建脚本< / a > 一章。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
build = "build.rs"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 还可以使用 < code > build = false< / code > 来禁止构建脚本的自动检测。< / p >
< h4 id = "links" > < a class = "header" href = "#links" > links< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 用于指定项目链接的本地库的名称，更多的信息请看构建脚本章节的 < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/build-script/intro.html#links" > links< / a > < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
links = "foo"
< / code > < / pre >
< h4 id = "exclude-和-include" > < a class = "header" href = "#exclude-和-include" > exclude 和 include< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 这两个字段可以用于显式地指定想要包含在外或在内的文件列表，往往用于发布到注册服务时。你可以使用 < code > cargo package --list< / code > 来检查哪些文件被包含在项目中。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
exclude = ["/ci", "images/", ".*"]
< / code > < / pre >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
include = ["/src", "COPYRIGHT", "/examples", "!/examples/big_example"]
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 尽管大家可能没有指定 < code > include< / code > 或 < code > exclude< / code > ，但是任然会有些规则自动被应用，一起来看看。< / p >
< p > 若 < code > include< / code > 没有被指定，则以下文件将被排除在外:< / p >
< ul >
< li > 项目不是 git 仓库，则所有以 < code > .< / code > 开头的隐藏文件会被排除< / li >
< li > 项目是 git 仓库，通过 < code > .gitignore< / code > 配置的文件会被排除< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 无论 < code > include< / code > 或 < code > exclude< / code > 是否被指定，以下文件都会被排除在外:< / p >
< ul >
< li > 任何包含 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 的子目录会被排除< / li >
< li > 根目录下的 < code > target< / code > 目录会被排除< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 以下文件会永远被 < code > include< / code > ，你无需显式地指定：< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > Cargo.toml< / code > < / li >
< li > 若项目包含可执行文件或示例代码，则最小化的 < code > Cargo.lock< / code > 会自动被包含< / li >
< li > < code > license-file< / code > 指定的协议文件< / li >
< / ul >
< blockquote >
< p > 这两个字段很强大，但是对于生产实践而言，我们还是推荐通过 < code > .gitignore< / code > 来控制，因为这样协作者更容易看懂。如果大家希望更深入的了解 < code > include/exclude< / code > ，可以参考下官方的 < code > Cargo< / code > < a href = "https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/reference/manifest.html?search=#the-exclude-and-include-fields" > 文档< / a > < / p >
< / blockquote >
< h4 id = "publish" > < a class = "header" href = "#publish" > publish< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 该字段常常用于防止项目因为失误被发布到 < code > crates.io< / code > 等注册服务上，例如如果希望项目在公司内部私有化，你应该设置：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
publish = false
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 也可以通过字符串数组的方式来指定允许发布到的注册服务名称:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
# ...
publish = ["some-registry-name"]
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 若 < code > publish< / code > 数组中包含了一个注册服务名称，则 < code > cargo publish< / code > 命令会使用该注册服务，除非你通过 < code > --registry< / code > 来设定额外的规则。< / p >
< h4 id = "metadata" > < a class = "header" href = "#metadata" > metadata< / a > < / h4 >
< p > Cargo 默认情况下会对 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 中未使用的 < code > key< / code > 进行警告，以帮助大家提前发现风险。但是 < code > package.metadata< / code > 并不在其中，因为它是由用户自定义的提供给外部工具的配置文件。例如：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
name = "..."
# ...
# 以下配置元数据可以在生成安卓 APK 时使用
[package.metadata.android]
package-name = "my-awesome-android-app"
assets = "path/to/static"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 与其相似的还有 < code > [workspace.metadata]< / code > ，都可以作为外部工具的配置信息来使用。< / p >
< h4 id = "default-run" > < a class = "header" href = "#default-run" > default-run< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 当大家使用 < code > cargo run< / code > 来运行项目时，该命令会使用默认的二进制可执行文件作为程序启动入口。< / p >
< p > 我们可以通过 < code > default-run< / code > 来修改默认的入口，例如现在有两个二进制文件 < code > src/bin/a.rs< / code > 和 < code > src/bin/b.rs< / code > ，通过以下配置可以将入口设置为前者:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [package]
default-run = "a"
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "badges" > < a class = "header" href = "#badges" > [badges]< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 该部分用于指定项目当前的状态，该状态会展示在 < code > crates.io< / code > 的项目主页中，例如以下配置可以设置项目的维护状态:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [badges]
# `maintenance` 是项目的当前维护状态，它可能会被其它注册服务所使用，但是目前还没有被 `crates.io` 使用: https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io/issues/2437
#
# `status` 字段时必须的，以下是可用的选项:
# - `actively-developed`: 新特性正在积极添加中，
# - `passively-maintained`: 目前没有计划去支持新的特性，但是项目维护者可能会回答你提出的 issue
# - `as-is`: 该项目的功能已经完结，维护者不准备继续开发和提供支持了，但是它的功能已经达到了预期
# - `experimental`: 作者希望同大家分享，但是还不准备满足任何人的特殊要求
# - `looking-for-maintainer`: 当前维护者希望将项目转移给新的维护者
# - `deprecated`: 不再推荐使用该项目，需要说明原因以及推荐的替代项目
# - `none`: 不显示任何 badge ，因此维护者没有说明他们的状态，用户需要自己去调查发生了什么
maintenance = { status = "..." }
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "dependencies" > < a class = "header" href = "#dependencies" > [dependencies]< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 在< a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/specify-deps.html" > 之前章节< / a > 中，我们已经详细介绍过 < code > [dependencies]< / code > 、 < code > [dev-dependencies]< / code > 和 < code > [build-dependencies]< / code > ，这里就不再赘述。< / p >
< h2 id = "profile" > < a class = "header" href = "#profile" > [profile.*]< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 该部分可以对编译器进行配置，例如 debug 和优化，在后续的< a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/reference/profiles.html" > 编译器优化< / a > 章节有详细介绍。< / p >
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