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< h1 id = "下载依赖很慢或卡住" > < a class = "header" href = "#下载依赖很慢或卡住" > 下载依赖很慢或卡住？< / a > < / h1 >
< p > 在目前，大家还不需要自己搭建的镜像下载服务，因此只需知道下载依赖库的地址是 < a href = "https://crates.io" > crates.io< / a > ，是由 Rust 官方搭建的镜像下载和管理服务。< / p >
< p > 但悲剧的是，它的默认镜像地址是在国外，这就导致了某些时候难免会遇到下载缓慢或者卡住的情况，下面我们一起来看看。< / p >
< h2 id = "下载很慢" > < a class = "header" href = "#下载很慢" > 下载很慢?< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 作为国外的语言，下载慢是正常的，隔壁的那位还被墙呢:)< / p >
< p > 解决下载缓慢有两种途径：< / p >
< h3 id = "开启命令行或者全局翻墙" > < a class = "header" href = "#开启命令行或者全局翻墙" > 开启命令行或者全局翻墙< / a > < / h3 >
< p > 经常有同学反馈，我明明开启翻墙了，但是下载依然还是很慢，无论是命令行中下载还是 VSCode 的 rust-analyzer 插件自动拉取。< / p >
< p > 事实上，翻墙工具默认开启的仅仅是浏览器的翻墙代理，对于命令行或者软件中的访问，并不会代理流量，因此这些访问还是通过正常网络进行的，自然会失败。< / p >
< p > 因此，大家需要做的是在你使用的翻墙工具中 < code > 复制终端代理命令< / code > 或者开启全局翻墙。由于每个翻墙软件的使用方式不同，因此具体的还是需要自己研究下。以我使用的 < code > ClashX< / code > 为例，点击 < code > 复制终端代理命令< / code > 后，会自动复制一些 < code > export< / code > 文本，将这些文本复制到命令行终端中，执行一下，就可以自动完成代理了。< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "修改-rust-的下载镜像为国内的镜像地址" > < a class = "header" href = "#修改-rust-的下载镜像为国内的镜像地址" > 修改 Rust 的下载镜像为国内的镜像地址< / a > < / h3 >
< p > 这个效果最直接，一劳永逸，但是就是配置起来略微麻烦。< / p >
< p > 为了使用 < code > crates.io< / code > 之外的注册服务，我们需要对 < code > $HOME/.cargo/config.toml< / code > (< code > $CARGO_HOME< / code > 下) 文件进行配置，添加新的服务提供商，有两种方式可以实现：增加新的镜像地址和覆盖默认的镜像地址。< / p >
< h3 id = "新增镜像地址" > < a class = "header" href = "#新增镜像地址" > 新增镜像地址< / a > < / h3 >
< p > < strong > 首先是在 < code > crates.io< / code > 之外添加新的注册服务< / strong > ，在 < code > $HOME/.cargo/config.toml< / code > （如果文件不存在则手动创建一个）中添加以下内容：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [registries]
ustc = { index = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/" }
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 这种方式只会新增一个新的镜像地址，因此在引入依赖的时候，需要指定该地址，例如在项目中引入 < code > time< / code > 包，你需要在 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 中使用以下方式引入:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [dependencies]
time = { registry = "ustc" }
< / code > < / pre >
< p > < strong > 在重新配置后，初次构建可能要较久的时间< / strong > ，因为要下载更新 < code > ustc< / code > 注册服务的索引文件，由于文件比较大，需要等待较长的时间。< / p >
< p > 此处有两点需要注意：< / p >
< ol >
< li > cargo 1.68 版本开始支持稀疏索引，不再需要完整克隆 crates.io-index 仓库，可以加快获取包的速度，如：< / li >
< / ol >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [source.ustc]
registry = "sparse+https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"
< / code > < / pre >
< ol start = "2" >
< li > cargo search 无法使用镜像< / li >
< / ol >
< h4 id = "科大镜像" > < a class = "header" href = "#科大镜像" > 科大镜像< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 上面使用的是科大提供的注册服务，也是 Rust 最早期的注册服务，感谢大大们的贡献。除此之外，大家还可以选择下面的镜像服务：< / p >
< h4 id = "字节跳动" > < a class = "header" href = "#字节跳动" > 字节跳动< / a > < / h4 >
< p > 最大的优点就是不限速，当然，你的网速如果能跑到 1000Gbps， ， < / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'rsproxy'
[source.rsproxy]
registry = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
# 稀疏索引，要求 cargo > = 1.68
[source.rsproxy-sparse]
registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"
[registries.rsproxy]
index = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
[net]
git-fetch-with-cli = true
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "覆盖默认的镜像地址" > < a class = "header" href = "#覆盖默认的镜像地址" > 覆盖默认的镜像地址< / a > < / h3 >
< p > 事实上，我们更推荐第二种方式，因为第一种方式在项目大了后，实在是很麻烦，全部修改后，万一以后不用这个镜像了，你又要全部修改成其它的。< / p >
< p > 而第二种方式，则不需要修改 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > 文件，< strong > 因为它是直接使用新注册服务来替代默认的 < code > crates.io< / code > < / strong > 。< / p >
< p > 在 < code > $HOME/.cargo/config.toml< / code > 添加以下内容：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-toml" > [source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'ustc'
[source.ustc]
registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 首先，创建一个新的镜像源 < code > [source.ustc]< / code > ，然后将默认的 < code > crates-io< / code > 替换成新的镜像源: < code > replace-with = 'ustc'< / code > 。< / p >
< p > 简单吧？只要这样配置后，以往需要去 < code > crates.io< / code > 下载的包，会全部从科大的镜像地址下载，速度刷刷的… 我的 300M 大刀（宽带）终于有了用武之地。< / p >
< p > < strong > 这里强烈推荐大家在学习完后面的基本章节后，看一下 < a href = "https://course.rs/cargo/intro.html" > Cargo 使用指南章节< / a > ，对于你的 Rust 之旅会有莫大的帮助！< / strong > < / p >
< h2 id = "下载卡住" > < a class = "header" href = "#下载卡住" > 下载卡住< / a > < / h2 >
< p > 下载卡住其实就一个原因：下载太慢了。< / p >
< p > 根据经验来看，卡住不动往往发生在更新索引时。毕竟 Rust 的包越来越多，索引也越来越大，如果不使用国内镜像，卡住还蛮正常的，好在，我们也无需经常更新索引 :P< / p >
< h3 id = "blocking-waiting-for-file-lock-on-package-cache" > < a class = "header" href = "#blocking-waiting-for-file-lock-on-package-cache" > Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache< / a > < / h3 >
< p > 不过这里有一个坑，需要大家注意，如果你同时打开了 VSCODE 和命令行，然后修改了 < code > Cargo.toml< / code > ，此时 VSCODE 的 rust-analyzer 插件会自动检测到依赖的变更，去下载新的依赖。< / p >
< p > 在 VSCODE 下载的过程中（特别是更新索引，可能会耗时很久），假如你又在命令行中运行类似 < code > cargo run< / code > 或者 < code > cargo build< / code > 的命令，就会提示一行有些看不太懂的内容：< / p >
< pre > < code class = "language-shell" > $ cargo build
Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
< / code > < / pre >
< p > 其实这个报错就是因为 VSCODE 的下载太慢了，而且该下载构建还锁住了当前的项目，导致你无法在另一个地方再次进行构建。< / p >
< p > 解决办法也很简单：< / p >
< ul >
< li > 增加下载速度，见前面内容< / li >
< li > 耐心等待持有锁的用户构建完成< / li >
< li > 强行停止正在构建的进程，例如杀掉 IDE 使用的 rust-analyzer 插件进程，然后删除 < code > $HOME/.cargo/.package_cache< / code > 目录< / li >
< / ul >
< / main >
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