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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../some-thoughts.html">Datav: 可编程的数据可视化平台和可观测性平台</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀，以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../first-try/installation.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../first-try/slowly-downloading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了？</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 数组</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../basic/flow-control.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> <20><>
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<main>
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<h1 id="安装-rust"><a class="header" href="#安装-rust">安装 Rust</a></h1>
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<p><code>rustup</code> 是 Rust 的安装程序，也是它的版本管理程序。
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强烈建议使用 <code>rustup</code> 来安装 Rust，当然如果你有异心，请寻找其它安装方式，然后再从下一节开始阅读。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>haha，开个玩笑。读者乃大大，怎么能弃之不顾。</p>
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<p>注意：如果你不想用或者不能用 rustup，请参见 <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/infra/other-installation-methods.html#other-rust-installation-methods">Rust 其它安装方法</a>。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>至于版本，现在 Rust 稳定版特性越来越全了，因此下载最新稳定版本即可。由于你用的 Rust 版本可能跟本书写作时不一样，一些编译错误和警告可能也会有所不同。</p>
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<h2 id="在-linux-或-macos-上安装-rustup"><a class="header" href="#在-linux-或-macos-上安装-rustup">在 Linux 或 macOS 上安装 <code>rustup</code></a></h2>
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<p>打开终端并输入下面命令：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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</code></pre>
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<p>这个命令将下载一个脚本并开始安装 <code>rustup</code> 工具，此工具将安装 Rust 的最新稳定版本。可能会提示你输入管理员密码。</p>
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<p>如果安装成功，将出现下面这行：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-text">Rust is installed now. Great!
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</code></pre>
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<p>OK，这样就已经完成 Rust 安装啦。</p>
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<h3 id="安装-c-语言编译器非必需"><a class="header" href="#安装-c-语言编译器非必需">安装 C 语言编译器：（非必需）</a></h3>
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<p>Rust 对运行环境的依赖和 Go 语言很像，几乎所有环境都可以无需安装任何依赖直接运行。但是，Rust 会依赖 <code>libc</code> 和链接器 <code>linker</code>。所以如果遇到了提示链接器无法执行的错误，你需要再手动安装一个 C 语言编译器：</p>
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<p><strong>macOS 下：</strong></p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">$ xcode-select --install
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</code></pre>
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<p><strong>Linux 下：</strong></p>
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<p>Linux 用户一般应按照相应发行版的文档来安装 <code>GCC</code> 或 <code>Clang</code>。</p>
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<p>例如，如果你使用 Ubuntu，则可安装 <code>build-essential</code>。</p>
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<h2 id="在-windows-上安装-rustup"><a class="header" href="#在-windows-上安装-rustup">在 Windows 上安装 <code>rustup</code></a></h2>
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<p>Windows 上安装 Rust 需要有 <code>C++</code> 环境，以下为安装的两种方式：</p>
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<p><strong>1. <code>x86_64-pc-windows-msvc</code>（官方推荐）</strong></p>
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<p>先安装 <a href="https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/zh-hans/visual-cpp-build-tools/">Microsoft C++ Build Tools</a>，勾选安装 C++ 环境即可。安装时可自行修改缓存路径与安装路径，避免占用过多 C 盘空间。安装完成后，Rust 所需的 msvc 命令行程序需要手动添加到环境变量中，否则安装 Rust 时 <code>rustup-init</code> 会提示未安装 Microsoft C++ Build Tools，其位于：<code>%Visual Studio 安装位置%\VC\Tools\MSVC\%version%\bin\Hostx64\x64</code>（请自行替换其中的 %Visual Studio 安装位置%、%version% 字段）下。</p>
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<p>如果你不想这么做，可以选择安装 Microsoft C++ Build Tools 新增的“定制”终端 <code>Developer Command Prompt for %Visual Studio version%</code> 或 <code>Developer PowerShell for %Visual Studio version%</code>，在其中运行 <code>rustup-init.exe</code>。</p>
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<p>准备好 C++ 环境后开始安装 Rust：</p>
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<p>在 <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/learn/get-started">RUSTUP-INIT</a> 下载系统相对应的 Rust 安装程序，一路默认即可。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">PS C:\Users\Hehongyuan> rustup-init.exe
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......
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Current installation options:
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default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
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default toolchain: stable (default)
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profile: default
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modify PATH variable: yes
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1) Proceed with installation (default)
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2) Customize installation
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3) Cancel installation
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</code></pre>
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<p><strong>2、<code>x86_64-pc-windows-gnu</code></strong></p>
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<p>相比于 MSVC 版本来说，GNU 版本具有更轻量，更靠近 Linux 的优势。</p>
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<p>首先，根据 <a href="https://www.msys2.org/">MSYS2 官网</a> 配置 MSYS。</p>
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<p>若您觉得下载太慢，可以试试由 <a href="https://github.com/Caviar-X">Caviar-X</a> 提供的 <a href="https://github.pigeons.icu/msys2/msys2-installer/releases/download/2021-11-30/msys2-x86_64-20211130.exe">代理</a>。</p>
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<p>在安装 <code>mingw-toolchain</code> 后，请将 <code>%MSYS 安装路径%\mingw64\bin</code> 添加到系统变量 <code>PATH</code> 中。</p>
|
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|
<p>配置好后，在 MSYS 中输入下面的命令来安装 rustup。</p>
|
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|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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|
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</code></pre>
|
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<p>之后，根据以下输出进行配置。</p>
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|
<pre><code class="language-text">Current installation options:
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default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
|
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|
|
default toolchain: stable (default)
|
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|
profile: default
|
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|
modify PATH variable: yes
|
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|
|
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|
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|
1) Proceed with installation (default)
|
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|
2) Customize installation
|
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3) Cancel installation
|
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>2
|
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I'm going to ask you the value of each of these installation options.
|
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You may simply press the Enter key to leave unchanged.
|
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|
Default host triple? [x86_64-pc-windows-msvc]
|
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|
|
x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
|
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|
|
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|
Default toolchain? (stable/beta/nightly/none) [stable]
|
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|
stable
|
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|
|
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Profile (which tools and data to install)? (minimal/default/complete) [default]
|
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|
complete
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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Modify PATH variable? (Y/n)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current installation options:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
default host triple: x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
|
|
|
|
|
|
default toolchain: stable
|
|
|
|
|
|
profile: complete
|
|
|
|
|
|
modify PATH variable: yes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1) Proceed with installation (default)
|
|
|
|
|
|
2) Customize installation
|
|
|
|
|
|
3) Cancel installation
|
|
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|
|
|
>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>再之后，按下 1，等待。完成后，您就已经安装了 Rust 和 <code>rustup</code>。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="更新"><a class="header" href="#更新">更新</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>要更新 Rust，在终端执行以下命令即可更新：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">$ rustup update
|
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
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|
|
<h2 id="卸载"><a class="header" href="#卸载">卸载</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>要卸载 Rust 和 <code>rustup</code>，在终端执行以下命令即可卸载：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">$ rustup self uninstall
|
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
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|
|
|
<h2 id="检查安装是否成功"><a class="header" href="#检查安装是否成功">检查安装是否成功</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>检查是否正确安装了 Rust，可打开终端并输入下面这行，此时能看到最新发布的稳定版本的版本号、提交哈希值和提交日期：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-bash">$ rustc -V
|
|
|
|
|
|
rustc 1.56.1 (59eed8a2a 2021-11-01)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ cargo -V
|
|
|
|
|
|
cargo 1.57.0 (b2e52d7ca 2021-10-21)
|
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>注：若发现版本号不同，以您的版本号为准</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>恭喜，你已成功安装 Rust！</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>如果没看到此信息：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>如果你使用的是 Windows，请检查 Rust 或 <code>%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\bin</code> 是否在 <code>%PATH%</code> 系统变量中。</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>如果你使用的是 Windows 下的 Linux 子系统，请关闭并重新打开终端，再次执行以上命令。</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>如果都正确，但 Rust 仍然无法正常工作，那么你可以在很多地方获得帮助。最简单的是<strong>加入 Rust 编程学院这个大家庭，QQ 群：1009730433</strong>.</p>
|
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<h2 id="本地文档"><a class="header" href="#本地文档">本地文档</a></h2>
|
|
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|
|
<p>安装 Rust 的同时也会在本地安装一个文档服务，方便我们离线阅读：运行 <code>rustup doc</code> 让浏览器打开本地文档。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>每当遇到标准库提供的类型或函数不知道怎么用时，都可以在 API 文档中查找到！具体参见 <a href="https://course.rs/std/search.html">在标准库寻找你想要的内容</a>。</p>
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