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<main>
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<h1 id="下载依赖很慢或卡住"><a class="header" href="#下载依赖很慢或卡住">下载依赖很慢或卡住？</a></h1>
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<p>在目前，大家还不需要自己搭建的镜像下载服务，因此只需知道下载依赖库的地址是 <a href="https://crates.io">crates.io</a>，是由 Rust 官方搭建的镜像下载和管理服务。</p>
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<p>但悲剧的是，它的默认镜像地址是在国外，这就导致了某些时候难免会遇到下载缓慢或者卡住的情况，下面我们一起来看看。</p>
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<h2 id="下载很慢"><a class="header" href="#下载很慢">下载很慢?</a></h2>
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<p>作为国外的语言，下载慢是正常的，隔壁的那位还被墙呢:) </p>
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<p>解决下载缓慢有两种途径：</p>
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<h3 id="开启命令行或者全局翻墙"><a class="header" href="#开启命令行或者全局翻墙">开启命令行或者全局翻墙</a></h3>
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<p>经常有同学反馈，我明明开启翻墙了，但是下载依然还是很慢，无论是命令行中下载还是 VSCode 的 rust-analyzer 插件自动拉取。</p>
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<p>事实上，翻墙工具默认开启的仅仅是浏览器的翻墙代理，对于命令行或者软件中的访问，并不会代理流量，因此这些访问还是通过正常网络进行的，自然会失败。</p>
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<p>因此，大家需要做的是在你使用的翻墙工具中 <code>复制终端代理命令</code> 或者开启全局翻墙。由于每个翻墙软件的使用方式不同，因此具体的还是需要自己研究下。以我使用的 <code>ClashX</code> 为例，点击 <code>复制终端代理命令</code> 后，会自动复制一些 <code>export</code> 文本，将这些文本复制到命令行终端中，执行一下，就可以自动完成代理了。</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890 all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:7891
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="修改-rust-的下载镜像为国内的镜像地址"><a class="header" href="#修改-rust-的下载镜像为国内的镜像地址">修改 Rust 的下载镜像为国内的镜像地址</a></h3>
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<p>这个效果最直接，一劳永逸，但是就是配置起来略微麻烦。</p>
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<p>为了使用 <code>crates.io</code> 之外的注册服务，我们需要对 <code>$HOME/.cargo/config.toml</code> ($CARGO_HOME 下) 文件进行配置，添加新的服务提供商，有两种方式可以实现：增加新的镜像地址和覆盖默认的镜像地址。</p>
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<h3 id="新增镜像地址"><a class="header" href="#新增镜像地址">新增镜像地址</a></h3>
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<p><strong>首先是在 <code>crates.io</code> 之外添加新的注册服务</strong>，在 <code>$HOME/.cargo/config.toml</code> （如果文件不存在则手动创建一个）中添加以下内容：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[registries]
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ustc = { index = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/" }
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</code></pre>
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<p>这种方式只会新增一个新的镜像地址，因此在引入依赖的时候，需要指定该地址，例如在项目中引入 <code>time</code> 包，你需要在 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 中使用以下方式引入:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[dependencies]
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time = { registry = "ustc" }
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</code></pre>
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<p><strong>在重新配置后，初次构建可能要较久的时间</strong>，因为要下载更新 <code>ustc</code> 注册服务的索引文件，由于文件比较大，需要等待较长的时间。</p>
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<p>此处有两点需要注意：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>cargo 1.68 版本开始支持稀疏索引，不再需要完整克隆 crates.io-index 仓库，可以加快获取包的速度，如：</li>
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</ol>
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[source.ustc]
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registry = "sparse+https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index/"
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</code></pre>
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<ol start="2">
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<li>cargo search 无法使用镜像</li>
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</ol>
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<h4 id="科大镜像"><a class="header" href="#科大镜像">科大镜像</a></h4>
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<p>上面使用的是科大提供的注册服务，也是 Rust 最早期的注册服务，感谢大大们的贡献。除此之外，大家还可以选择下面的镜像服务：</p>
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<h4 id="字节跳动"><a class="header" href="#字节跳动">字节跳动</a></h4>
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<p>最大的优点就是不限速，当然，你的网速如果能跑到 1000Gbps，我们也可以认为它无情的限制了你，咳咳。</p>
|
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<pre><code class="language-toml">[source.crates-io]
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replace-with = 'rsproxy'
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[source.rsproxy]
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registry = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
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# 稀疏索引，要求 cargo >= 1.68
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[source.rsproxy-sparse]
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registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"
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[registries.rsproxy]
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index = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"
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[net]
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git-fetch-with-cli = true
|
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|
</code></pre>
|
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<h3 id="覆盖默认的镜像地址"><a class="header" href="#覆盖默认的镜像地址">覆盖默认的镜像地址</a></h3>
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<p>事实上，我们更推荐第二种方式，因为第一种方式在项目大了后，实在是很麻烦，全部修改后，万一以后不用这个镜像了，你又要全部修改成其它的。</p>
|
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<p>而第二种方式，则不需要修改 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 文件，<strong>因为它是直接使用新注册服务来替代默认的 <code>crates.io</code></strong>。</p>
|
|
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|
<p>在 <code>$HOME/.cargo/config.toml</code> 添加以下内容：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-toml">[source.crates-io]
|
|
|
|
|
|
replace-with = 'ustc'
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
[source.ustc]
|
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|
|
|
|
registry = "git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"
|
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
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|
|
<p>首先，创建一个新的镜像源 <code>[source.ustc]</code>，然后将默认的 <code>crates-io</code> 替换成新的镜像源: <code>replace-with = 'ustc'</code>。</p>
|
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<p>简单吧？只要这样配置后，以往需要去 <code>crates.io</code> 下载的包，会全部从科大的镜像地址下载，速度刷刷的.. 我的 300M 大刀( 宽带 )终于有了用武之地。</p>
|
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|
<p><strong>这里强烈推荐大家在学习完后面的基本章节后，看一下 <a href="https://course.rs/cargo/intro.html">Cargo 使用指南章节</a>，对于你的 Rust 之旅会有莫大的帮助！</strong></p>
|
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<h2 id="下载卡住"><a class="header" href="#下载卡住">下载卡住</a></h2>
|
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<p>下载卡住其实就一个原因：下载太慢了。</p>
|
|
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<p>根据经验来看，卡住不动往往发生在更新索引时。毕竟 Rust 的包越来越多，索引也越来越大，如果不使用国内镜像，卡住还蛮正常的，好在，我们也无需经常更新索引 :P</p>
|
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<h3 id="blocking-waiting-for-file-lock-on-package-cache"><a class="header" href="#blocking-waiting-for-file-lock-on-package-cache">Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache</a></h3>
|
|
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|
<p>不过这里有一个坑，需要大家注意，如果你同时打开了 VSCODE 和命令行，然后修改了 <code>Cargo.toml</code>，此时 VSCODE 的 rust-analyzer 插件会自动检测到依赖的变更，去下载新的依赖。</p>
|
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|
|
<p>在 VSCODE 下载的过程中( 特别是更新索引，可能会耗时很久)，假如你又在命令行中运行类似 <code>cargo run</code> 或者 <code>cargo build</code> 的命令，就会提示一行有些看不太懂的内容：</p>
|
|
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|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">$ cargo build
|
|
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|
|
Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
|
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|
|
Blocking waiting for file lock on package cache
|
|
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|
|
</code></pre>
|
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<p>其实这个报错就是因为 VSCODE 的下载太慢了，而且该下载构建还锁住了当前的项目，导致你无法在另一个地方再次进行构建。</p>
|
|
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|
|
<p>解决办法也很简单：</p>
|
|
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<ul>
|
|
|
|
|
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<li>增加下载速度，见前面内容</li>
|
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|
|
<li>耐心等待持有锁的用户构建完成</li>
|
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|
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|
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<li>强行停止正在构建的进程，例如杀掉 IDE 使用的 rust-analyzer 插件进程，然后删除 <code>$HOME/.cargo/.package_cache</code> 目录</li>
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