|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
|
|
|
|
<html lang="zh-CN" class="light" dir="ltr">
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
|
|
|
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
|
|
|
<title>数据布局 2 - Rust语言圣经(Rust Course)</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom HTML head -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="description" content="">
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="icon" href="../../favicon.svg">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="../../favicon.png">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/variables.css">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/general.css">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/chrome.css">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../css/print.css" media="print">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Fonts -->
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../fonts/fonts.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../highlight.css">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../tomorrow-night.css">
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../ayu-highlight.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../theme/style.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
<body class="sidebar-visible no-js">
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="body-container">
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
var path_to_root = "../../";
|
|
|
|
|
var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light";
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
try {
|
|
|
|
|
var theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
|
|
|
|
|
var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
|
|
|
|
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
|
|
|
|
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
} catch (e) { }
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
var theme;
|
|
|
|
|
try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
|
|
|
|
|
if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
|
|
|
|
|
var html = document.querySelector('html');
|
|
|
|
|
html.classList.remove('light')
|
|
|
|
|
html.classList.add(theme);
|
|
|
|
|
var body = document.querySelector('body');
|
|
|
|
|
body.classList.remove('no-js')
|
|
|
|
|
body.classList.add('js');
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input type="checkbox" id="sidebar-toggle-anchor" class="hidden">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
var body = document.querySelector('body');
|
|
|
|
|
var sidebar = null;
|
|
|
|
|
var sidebar_toggle = document.getElementById("sidebar-toggle-anchor");
|
|
|
|
|
if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
|
|
|
|
|
try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
|
|
|
|
|
sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
sidebar = 'hidden';
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
sidebar_toggle.checked = sidebar === 'visible';
|
|
|
|
|
body.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
|
|
|
|
|
body.classList.add("sidebar-" + sidebar);
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav id="sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="sidebar-scrollbox">
|
|
|
|
|
<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../some-thoughts.html">Datav: 可编程的数据可视化平台和可观测性平台</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀,以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/slowly-downloading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了?</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 数组</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/flow-contro
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle">
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="sidebar-resize-indicator"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Track and set sidebar scroll position -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
var sidebarScrollbox = document.querySelector('#sidebar .sidebar-scrollbox');
|
|
|
|
|
sidebarScrollbox.addEventListener('click', function(e) {
|
|
|
|
|
if (e.target.tagName === 'A') {
|
|
|
|
|
sessionStorage.setItem('sidebar-scroll', sidebarScrollbox.scrollTop);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}, { passive: true });
|
|
|
|
|
var sidebarScrollTop = sessionStorage.getItem('sidebar-scroll');
|
|
|
|
|
sessionStorage.removeItem('sidebar-scroll');
|
|
|
|
|
if (sidebarScrollTop) {
|
|
|
|
|
// preserve sidebar scroll position when navigating via links within sidebar
|
|
|
|
|
sidebarScrollbox.scrollTop = sidebarScrollTop;
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
// scroll sidebar to current active section when navigating via "next/previous chapter" buttons
|
|
|
|
|
var activeSection = document.querySelector('#sidebar .active');
|
|
|
|
|
if (activeSection) {
|
|
|
|
|
activeSection.scrollIntoView({ block: 'center' });
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="page">
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky">
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="left-buttons">
|
|
|
|
|
<label id="sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" for="sidebar-toggle-anchor" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="sidebar">
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
|
|
<button id="theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="theme-list">
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul id="theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
|
|
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="light">Light</button></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="rust">Rust</button></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="coal">Coal</button></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="navy">Navy</button></li>
|
|
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="ayu">Ayu</button></li>
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
<button id="search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search. (Shortkey: s)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="S" aria-controls="searchbar">
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-search"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 class="menu-title">Rust语言圣经(Rust Course)</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="right-buttons">
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="../../print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
|
|
|
|
|
<i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/sunface/rust-course" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository">
|
|
|
|
|
<i id="git-repository-button" class="fa fa-github"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/sunface/rust-course/edit/main/src/too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/layout2.md" title="Suggest an edit" aria-label="Suggest an edit">
|
|
|
|
|
<i id="git-edit-button" class="fa fa-edit"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="search-wrapper" class="hidden">
|
|
|
|
|
<form id="searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
|
|
|
|
|
<input type="search" id="searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
|
|
|
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<ul id="searchresults">
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
document.getElementById('sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
|
|
|
|
|
document.getElementById('sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
|
|
|
|
|
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
|
|
|
|
|
link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
|
|
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="content" class="content">
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Page table of contents -->
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="sidetoc"><nav class="pagetoc"></nav></div>
|
|
|
|
|
<main>
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 id="数据布局2-再裸一些吧"><a class="header" href="#数据布局2-再裸一些吧">数据布局2: 再裸一些吧</a></h1>
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>TL;DR 在之前部分中,将安全的指针 <code>&</code> 、<code>&mut</code> 和 <code>Box</code> 跟不安全的裸指针 <code>*mut</code> 和 <code>*const</code> 混用是 UB 的根源之一,原因是安全指针会引入额外的约束,但是裸指针并不会遵守这些约束。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>一个好消息,一个坏消息。坏消息是我们又要开始写链表了,悲剧 = , = 好消息呢是之前我们已经讨论过该如何设计了,之前做的工作基本都是正确的,除了混用安全指针和不安全指针的部分。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="布局"><a class="header" href="#布局">布局</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>在新的布局中我们将只使用裸指针,然后大家就等着好消息吧!</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>下面是之前的"破代码" :</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>pub struct List<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
head: Link<T>,
|
|
|
|
|
tail: *mut Node<T>, // 好人一枚
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
type Link<T> = Option<Box<Node<T>>>; // 恶魔一只
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
struct Node<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
elem: T,
|
|
|
|
|
next: Link<T>,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>现在删除恶魔:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>pub struct List<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
head: Link<T>,
|
|
|
|
|
tail: *mut Node<T>,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
type Link<T> = *mut Node<T>; // 嘀,新的好人卡,请查收
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
struct Node<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
elem: T,
|
|
|
|
|
next: Link<T>,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>请大家牢记:当使用裸指针时,<code>Option</code> 对我们是相当不友好的,所以这里不再使用。在后面还将引入 <code>NonNull</code> 类型,但是现在还无需操心。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 id="基本操作"><a class="header" href="#基本操作">基本操作</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code>List::new</code> 与之前几乎没有区别:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>use ptr;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
impl<T> List<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
pub fn new() -> Self {
|
|
|
|
|
List { head: ptr::null_mut(), tail: ptr::null_mut() }
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code>Push</code> 也几乎没区...</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>pub fn push(&mut self, elem: T) {
|
|
|
|
|
let mut new_tail = Box::new(
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>等等,我们不再使用 <code>Box</code> 了,既然如此,该怎么分配内存呢?</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>也许我们可以使用 <code>std::alloc::alloc</code>,但是大家想象一下拿着武士刀进厨房切菜的场景,所以,还是算了吧。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>我们想要 <code>Box</code> 又不想要,这里有一个也许很野但是管用的方法:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>struct Node<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
elem: T,
|
|
|
|
|
real_next: Option<Box<Node<T>>>,
|
|
|
|
|
next: *mut Node<T>,
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>先创建一个 <code>Box</code> ,并使用一个裸指针指向 <code>Box</code> 中的 <code>Node</code>,然后就一直使用该裸指针直到我们处理完 <code>Node</code> 且可以销毁它之时。最后,可以将 <code>Box</code> 从 <code>real_next</code> 中 <code>take</code> 出来,并 <code>drop</code> 掉。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>从上面来看,这个非常符合我们之前的简化版借用栈模型?借用 <code>Box</code>,再借用一个裸指针,然后先弹出该裸指针,再弹出 <code>Box</code>,嗯,果然很符合。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>但是问题来了,这样做看上去有趣,但是你能保证这个简化版借用栈顺利的工作吗?所以,我们还是使用 <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/boxed/struct.Box.html#method.into_raw">Box::into_raw</a> 函数吧!</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
<p><code>pub fn into_raw(b: Box<T>) -> *mut T</code></p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>消费掉 <code>Box</code> (拿走所有权),返回一个裸指针。该指针会被正确的对齐且不为 null</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>在调用该函数后,调用者需要对之前被 Box 所管理的内存负责,特别地,调用者需要正确的清理 <code>T</code> 并释放相应的内存。最简单的方式是通过 <code>Box::from_raw</code> 函数将裸指针再转回到 <code>Box</code>,然后 <code>Box</code> 的析构器就可以自动执行清理了。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>注意:这是一个关联函数,因此 <code>b.into_raw()</code> 是不正确的,我们得使用 <code>Box::into_raw(b)</code>。因此该函数不会跟内部类型的同名方法冲突。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<h3 id="示例"><a class="header" href="#示例">示例</a></h3>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>将裸指针转换成 <code>Box</code> 以实现自动的清理:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>let x = Box::new(String::from("Hello"));
|
|
|
|
|
let ptr = Box::into_raw(x);
|
|
|
|
|
let x = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr) };
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>太棒了,简直为我们量身定制。而且它还很符合我们试图遵循的规则: 从安全的东东开始,将其转换成裸指针,最后再将裸指针转回安全的东东以实现安全的 drop。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>现在,我们就可以到处使用裸指针,也无需再注意 unsafe 的范围,反正现在都是 unsafe 了,无所谓。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>pub fn push(&mut self, elem: T) {
|
|
|
|
|
unsafe {
|
|
|
|
|
// 一开始就将 Box 转换成裸指针
|
|
|
|
|
let new_tail = Box::into_raw(Box::new(Node {
|
|
|
|
|
elem: elem,
|
|
|
|
|
next: ptr::null_mut(),
|
|
|
|
|
}));
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if !self.tail.is_null() {
|
|
|
|
|
(*self.tail).next = new_tail;
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
self.head = new_tail;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
self.tail = new_tail;
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>嘿,都说 unsafe 不应该使用,但没想到 unsafe 真的是好!现在代码整体看起来简洁多了。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>继续实现 <code>pop</code>,它跟之前区别不大,但是我们不要忘了使用 <code>Box::from_raw</code> 来清理内存:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
unsafe {
|
|
|
|
|
if self.head.is_null() {
|
|
|
|
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
|
|
let head = Box::from_raw(self.head);
|
|
|
|
|
self.head = head.next;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
if self.head.is_null() {
|
|
|
|
|
self.tail = ptr::null_mut();
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some(head.elem)
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>纪念下死去的 <code>take</code> 和 <code>map</code>,现在我们得手动检查和设置 <code>null</code> 了。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>然后再实现下析构器,直接循环 <code>pop</code> 即可,怎么说,简单可爱,谁不爱呢?</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>impl<T> Drop for List<T> {
|
|
|
|
|
fn drop(&mut self) {
|
|
|
|
|
while let Some(_) = self.pop() { }
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>现在到了检验正确性的时候:</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>#[cfg(test)]
|
|
|
|
|
mod test {
|
|
|
|
|
use super::List;
|
|
|
|
|
#[test]
|
|
|
|
|
fn basics() {
|
|
|
|
|
let mut list = List::new();
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Check empty list behaves right
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), None);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Populate list
|
|
|
|
|
list.push(1);
|
|
|
|
|
list.push(2);
|
|
|
|
|
list.push(3);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Check normal removal
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(1));
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(2));
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Push some more just to make sure nothing's corrupted
|
|
|
|
|
list.push(4);
|
|
|
|
|
list.push(5);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Check normal removal
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(3));
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(4));
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Check exhaustion
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(5));
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), None);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Check the exhaustion case fixed the pointer right
|
|
|
|
|
list.push(6);
|
|
|
|
|
list.push(7);
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
// Check normal removal
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(6));
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(7));
|
|
|
|
|
assert_eq!(list.pop(), None);
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">$ cargo test
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
running 12 tests
|
|
|
|
|
test fifth::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test first::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test fourth::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test fourth::test::peek ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test fourth::test::into_iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::into_iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::iter_mut ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::peek ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test third::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test third::test::iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
test result: ok. 12 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured
|
|
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>测试没问题,还有一个拦路虎 <code>miri</code> 呢。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
|
|
</span>MIRIFLAGS="-Zmiri-tag-raw-pointers" cargo +nightly-2022-01-21 miri test
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
running 12 tests
|
|
|
|
|
test fifth::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test first::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test fourth::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test fourth::test::peek ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test fourth::test::into_iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::into_iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::iter_mut ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test second::test::peek ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test third::test::basics ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
test third::test::iter ... ok
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
test result: ok. 12 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
|
|
|
|
|
<p>苦尽甘来,苦尽甘来啊!我们这些章节的努力没有白费,它终于成功的工作了。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="giscus-container"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
</main>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
|
|
|
|
|
<a rel="prev" href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/testing-stacked-borrow.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a rel="next prefetch" href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/extra-junk.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="clear: both"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|
|
|
|
<a rel="prev" href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/testing-stacked-borrow.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a rel="next prefetch" href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/extra-junk.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
window.playground_copyable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../ace.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../editor.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../mode-rust.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../theme-dawn.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../theme-tomorrow_night.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../elasticlunr.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../mark.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../searcher.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../clipboard.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../highlight.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../book.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
|
|
|
|
|
var pagePath = "too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/layout2.md"
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom JS scripts -->
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../assets/custom.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="../../assets/bigPicture.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|