Merge pull request #189 from mg-chao/20220112_collections

[rust-exercise] 翻译 collections 部分

exercise/exercises/collections/README.md

@@ -1,23 +1,18 @@
-# Collections
+# 集合（Collections）
 
-Rust’s standard library includes a number of very useful data
-structures called collections. Most other data types represent one
-specific value, but collections can contain multiple values. Unlike
-the built-in array and tuple types, the data these collections point
-to is stored on the heap, which means the amount of data does not need
-to be known at compile time and can grow or shrink as the program
-runs.
+Rust 的标准库包含了很多有用的数据结构，它们称作为集合。
+大多其它的数据类型通常仅表示一个特定的值，但集合可以包含多个值。
+内置的数组和元组类型指向的数据存储在堆上，这意味着存储的数据不必在编译时确定，
+并可以根据程序的运行来增加或减少。
 
-This exercise will get you familiar with two fundamental data
-structures that are used very often in Rust programs:
+本次练习将带你熟悉 Rust 程序中两个特别常用的基本数据结构：
 
-* A *vector* allows you to store a variable number of values next to
-  each other.
-* A *hash map* allows you to associate a value with a particular key.
-  You may also know this by the names [*unordered map* in C++](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map), 
-  [*dictionary* in Python](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries) or an *associative array* in other languages.
+* *vector* 能够存储一段连续且数量不定的值。
 
-## Further information
+* *散列表（hash map）* 能够将某个值与一个特定的键关联起来。
+  你可能也知道它们：[C++ 中的 *unordered map*](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map)、[Python 的 *dictionary*](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html#dictionaries) 或其它语言中的 *associative array（译：关联数组、map、映射）*。
+
+## 更多信息
 
 - [Storing Lists of Values with Vectors](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html)
 - [Storing Keys with Associated Values in Hash Maps](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html)

exercise/exercises/collections/hashmap1.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,23 @@
 // hashmap1.rs
-// A basket of fruits in the form of a hash map needs to be defined.
-// The key represents the name of the fruit and the value represents
-// how many of that particular fruit is in the basket. You have to put
-// at least three different types of fruits (e.g apple, banana, mango)
-// in the basket and the total count of all the fruits should be at
-// least five.
+
+// 用散列表定义一个水果篮。以键表示水果的名称，值来代表篮子里对应水果的个数。
+// 要求必须在篮子里放至少三种水果（如苹果、香蕉、芒果），每种水果的总数也应不少于五个。
 //
-// Make me compile and pass the tests!
+// 让我通过编译和测试！
 //
-// Execute the command `rustlings hint hashmap1` if you need
-// hints.
+// 如果需要提示，可以执行命令 `rustlings hint hashmap1`。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 fn fruit_basket() -> HashMap<String, u32> {
-    let mut basket = // TODO: declare your hash map here.
+    let mut basket = // TODO：在这声明个散列表
 
-    // Two bananas are already given for you :)
+    // 给你两个香蕉
     basket.insert(String::from("banana"), 2);
 
-    // TODO: Put more fruits in your basket here.
+    // TODO：在这往篮子里添加更多的水果
 
     basket
 }

exercise/exercises/collections/hashmap2.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
 // hashmap2.rs
-
-// A basket of fruits in the form of a hash map is given. The key
-// represents the name of the fruit and the value represents how many
-// of that particular fruit is in the basket. You have to put *MORE
-// THAN 11* fruits in the basket. Three types of fruits - Apple (4),
-// Mango (2) and Lychee (5) are already given in the basket. You are
-// not allowed to insert any more of these fruits!
+// 给你一个用散列表表示的水果篮，它的键表示水果的名称，值表示篮子里对应水果的个数。
+// 现在需要往篮子添加至少 11 种水果。篮子里已有 - 苹果 (4),
+// 芒果 (2) 和荔枝 (5) 三种水果，你不能再添加这些水果。
 //
-// Make me pass the tests!
+// 让我通过测试！
 //
-// Execute the command `rustlings hint hashmap2` if you need
-// hints.
+// 如果需要提示，可以执行命令 `rustlings hint hashmap2`。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -35,9 +30,8 @@ fn fruit_basket(basket: &mut HashMap<Fruit, u32>) {
     ];
 
     for fruit in fruit_kinds {
-        // TODO: Put new fruits if not already present. Note that you
-        // are not allowed to put any type of fruit that's already
-        // present!
+        // TODO：如果篮子里没有某种水果，就把它放入篮子。
+        // 注意，你不能放入篮子中任何已有的水果。
     }
 }
 

exercise/exercises/collections/vec1.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 // vec1.rs
-// Your task is to create a `Vec` which holds the exact same elements
-// as in the array `a`.
-// Make me compile and pass the test!
-// Execute the command `rustlings hint vec1` if you need hints.
+// 你的任务是创建一个与数组 `a` 中的元素完全相同的 `Vec`。
+// 让我通过编译和测试！
+// 如果需要提示，可以执行命令 `rustlings hint vec1`。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 fn array_and_vec() -> ([i32; 4], Vec<i32>) {
-    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40]; // a plain array
-    let v = // TODO: declare your vector here with the macro for vectors
+    let a = [10, 20, 30, 40]; // 一个普通的数组
+    let v = // TODO：在这里用 vectors 的宏来声明你的 vector
 
     (a, v)
 }

exercise/exercises/collections/vec2.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,18 @@
 // vec2.rs
-// A Vec of even numbers is given. Your task is to complete the loop
-// so that each number in the Vec is multiplied by 2.
+// 给定一个全是偶数的 Vec 。你的任务是完成一个循环，做到将 Vec 中的每个数字都乘以 2 。
 //
-// Make me pass the test!
+// 让我通过编译和测试！
 //
-// Execute the command `rustlings hint vec2` if you need
-// hints.
+// 如果需要提示，可以执行命令 `rustlings hint vec2`。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
 fn vec_loop(mut v: Vec<i32>) -> Vec<i32> {
     for i in v.iter_mut() {
-        // TODO: Fill this up so that each element in the Vec `v` is
-        // multiplied by 2.
+        // TODO：将 Vec `v` 中的每个元素都乘以 2 。
     }
 
-    // At this point, `v` should be equal to [4, 8, 12, 16, 20].
+    // 此时 `v' 应该等于 [4, 8, 12, 16, 20] 。
     v
 }
 

exercise/info.toml

@@ -362,13 +362,12 @@ name = "vec1"
 path = "exercises/collections/vec1.rs"
 mode = "test"
 hint = """
-In Rust, there are two ways to define a Vector.
-1. One way is to use the `Vec::new()` function to create a new vector
-  and fill it with the `push()` method.
-2. The second way, which is simpler is to use the `vec![]` macro and
-  define your elements inside the square brackets.
-Check this chapter: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html
-of the Rust book to learn more.
+Rust 有以下两种方式定义一个 vector 。
+1. 一种方法是使用 `Vec::new()` 来创建一个新的 vector，然后
+   使用 `push()` 方法往里面添加元素。
+2. 第二种方法更简单，那就是使用 `vec![]` 宏，接着在宏的方括号内定义需要的元素。
+阅读这本书的此章节：https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-01-vectors.html
+来了解更多。
 """
 
 [[exercises]]
@@ -376,9 +375,8 @@ name = "vec2"
 path = "exercises/collections/vec2.rs"
 mode = "test"
 hint = """
-Hint 1: `i` is each element from the Vec as they are being iterated.
-  Can you try multiplying this?
-Hint 2: Check the suggestion from the compiler error ;)
+提示 1 ：`i` 是 Vec 中被迭代的每个元素，你可以乘以它吗？
+提示 2 : 研究下编译错误给出的建议 ;)
 """
 
 [[exercises]]
@@ -386,10 +384,8 @@ name = "hashmap1"
 path = "exercises/collections/hashmap1.rs"
 mode = "test"
 hint = """
-Hint 1: Take a look at the return type of the function to figure out
-  the type for the `basket`.
-Hint 2: Number of fruits should be at least 5. And you have to put
-  at least three different types of fruits.
+提示 1 ：看看函数的返回类型，推测出 `basket` 的类型。
+提示 2 ：水果的数量应该不少于 5 个。并且需要确保篮子里至少有三种水果。
 """
 
 [[exercises]]
@@ -397,8 +393,8 @@ name = "hashmap2"
 path = "exercises/collections/hashmap2.rs"
 mode = "test"
 hint = """
-Use the `entry()` and `or_insert()` methods of `HashMap` to achieve this.
-Learn more at https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html#only-inserting-a-value-if-the-key-has-no-value
+使用 `HashMap` 中的 `entry()` 和 `or_insert()` 来完成目标。
+了解更多：https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch08-03-hash-maps.html#only-inserting-a-value-if-the-key-has-no-value 
 """
 
 # STRINGS