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<main>
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<h1 id="测试和-ci"><a class="header" href="#测试和-ci">测试和 CI</a></h1>
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<p>Cargo 可以通过 <code>cargo test</code> 命令运行项目中的测试文件：它会在 <code>src/</code> 底下的文件寻找单元测试，也会在 <code>tests/</code> 目录下寻找集成测试。</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>$ cargo test
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Compiling regex v1.5.0 (https://github.com/rust-lang/regex.git#9f9f693)
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Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/package/hello_world)
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Running target/test/hello_world-9c2b65bbb79eabce
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running 0 tests
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test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p>从上面结果可以看出，项目中实际上还没有任何测试代码。</p>
|
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<p>事实上，除了单元测试、集成测试，<code>cargo test</code> 还会编译 <code>examples/</code> 下的示例文件以及<a href="https://course.rs/basic/comment.html#%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95doc-test">文档中的示例</a>。</p>
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<p>如果希望深入学习如何在 Rust 编写及运行测试，请查阅<a href="https://course.rs/test/intro.html">该章节</a>。</p>
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<h2 id="ci"><a class="header" href="#ci">CI</a></h2>
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<p>持续集成是软件开发中异常重要的一环，大家应该都听说过 Jenkins，它就是一个拥有悠久历史的持续集成工具。简单来说，持续集成会定期拉取同一个项目中所有成员的相关代码，对其进行自动化构建。</p>
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<p>在没有持续集成前，首先开发者需要手动编译代码并运行单元测试、集成测试等基础测试，然后启动项目相关的所有服务，接着测试人员开始介入对整个项目进行回归测试、黑盒测试等系统化的测试，当测试通过后，最后再手动发布到指定的环境中运行，这个过程是非常冗长，且所有成员都需要同时参与的。</p>
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<p>在有了持续集成后，只要编写好相应的编译、测试、发布配置文件，那持续集成平台会自动帮助我们完成整个相关的流程，期间无需任何人介入，高效且可靠。</p>
|
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<h4 id="github-actions"><a class="header" href="#github-actions">GitHub Actions</a></h4>
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|
|
<p>关于如何使用 <code>GitHub Actions</code> 进行持续集成，在<a href="https://course.rs/test/ci.html">之前的章节</a>已经有过详细的介绍，这里就不再赘述。</p>
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<h4 id="travis-ci"><a class="header" href="#travis-ci">Travis CI</a></h4>
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<p>以下是 <code>Travis CI</code> 需要的一个简单的示例配置文件:</p>
|
|
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<pre><code class="language-yml">language: rust
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rust:
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- stable
|
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- beta
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- nightly
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matrix:
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allow_failures:
|
|
|
- rust: nightly
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>以上配置将测试所有的 <a href="https://course.rs/appendix/rust-version.html">Rust 发布版本</a>，但是 <code>nightly</code> 版本的构建失败不会导致全局测试的失败，可以查看 <a href="https://docs.travis-ci.com/user/languages/rust/">Travis CI Rust 文档</a> 获取更详细的说明。</p>
|
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<h4 id="gitlab-ci"><a class="header" href="#gitlab-ci">Gitlab CI</a></h4>
|
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<p>以下是一个示例 <code>.gitlab-ci.yml</code> 文件:</p>
|
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<pre><code class="language-yml">stages:
|
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- build
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rust-latest:
|
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stage: build
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image: rust:latest
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script:
|
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- cargo build --verbose
|
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- cargo test --verbose
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rust-nightly:
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stage: build
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image: rustlang/rust:nightly
|
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script:
|
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- cargo build --verbose
|
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- cargo test --verbose
|
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|
allow_failure: true
|
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</code></pre>
|
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|
<p>这里将测试 <code>stable</code> 和 <code>nightly</code> 发布版本，同样的，<code>nightly</code> 下的测试失败不会导致全局测试的失败。查看 <a href="https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/index.html">Gitlab CI 文档</a> 获取更详细的说明。</p>
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