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<main>
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<h1 id="miri"><a class="header" href="#miri">Miri</a></h1>
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<p>看到这里，大家是不是暗中松了口气？unsafe 不过如此嘛，不知道为何其它人都谈之色变。</p>
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<p>怎么说呢？你以为的编译器已经不是以前的编译器了，它不报错不代表没有错误。包括测试用例也是，正常地运行不能意味着代码没有任何错误。</p>
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<p>在周星驰电影功夫中，还有一个奇怪大叔 10 元一本主动上门卖如来神掌，那么有没有 10 元一本的 Rust 秘笈呢？( 喂，Rust语言圣经都免费让你读了，有了摩托车，还要什么拖拉机… 哈哈，开个玩笑 )</p>
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<p>有的，奇怪大叔正在赶来，他告诉我们先来安装一个命令:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">rustup +nightly-2022-01-21 component add miri
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info: syncing channel updates for 'nightly-2022-01-21-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc'
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info: latest update on 2022-01-21, rust version 1.60.0-nightly (777bb86bc 2022-01-20)
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info: downloading component 'cargo'
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info: downloading component 'clippy'
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info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
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info: downloading component 'rust-std'
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info: downloading component 'rustc'
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info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
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info: installing component 'cargo'
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info: installing component 'clippy'
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info: installing component 'rust-docs'
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info: installing component 'rust-std'
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info: installing component 'rustc'
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info: installing component 'rustfmt'
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info: downloading component 'miri'
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info: installing component 'miri'
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</code></pre>
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<p>等等，你在我电脑上装了什么奇怪的东西？！ “好东西”</p>
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
|
<p>miri 目前只能在 nightly Rust 上安装，<code>+nightly-2022-01-21</code> 告诉 <code>rustup</code> 我们想要安装的 <code>nightly</code> 版本，事实上，你可以直接通过 <code>rustup +nightly component add miri</code> 安装，这里指定版本主要因为 <code>miri</code> 有时候会因为某些版本而出错。</p>
|
|
|
<p>2022-01-21 是我所知的 miri 可以成功运行的版本，你可以检查<a href="https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup-components-history/">这个网址</a>获取更多信息</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>是一种临时性的规则运用，如果你不想每次都使用 <code>+nightly-2022-01-21</code>，可以使用 <a href="https://course.rs/appendix/rust-version.html#rustup-和-rust-nightly-的职责"><code>rustup override set</code></a> 命令对当前项目的 Rust 版本进行覆盖</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">$ cargo +nightly-2022-01-21 miri test
|
|
|
|
|
|
I will run `"cargo.exe" "install" "xargo"` to install
|
|
|
a recent enough xargo. Proceed? [Y/n]
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>额，<code>xargo</code> 是什么东东？“不要担心，选择 y 就行，我像是会坑你的人吗？”</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">> y
|
|
|
|
|
|
Updating crates.io index
|
|
|
Installing xargo v0.3.24
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 10.65s
|
|
|
Installing C:\Users\ninte\.cargo\bin\xargo-check.exe
|
|
|
Installing C:\Users\ninte\.cargo\bin\xargo.exe
|
|
|
Installed package `xargo v0.3.24` (executables `xargo-check.exe`, `xargo.exe`)
|
|
|
|
|
|
I will run `"rustup" "component" "add" "rust-src"` to install
|
|
|
the `rust-src` component for the selected toolchain. Proceed? [Y/n]
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>额？ “不要怕，多给你一份 Rust 源代码，不开心嘛？”</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">> y
|
|
|
|
|
|
info: downloading component 'rust-src'
|
|
|
info: installing component 'rust-src'
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>“看吧，我就说我不会骗你的，不相信我，等着错误砸脸吧!” 真是一个奇怪的大叔…</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell"> Compiling lists v0.1.0 (C:\Users\ninte\dev\tmp\lists)
|
|
|
Finished test [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.25s
|
|
|
Running unittests (lists-5cc11d9ee5c3e924.exe)
|
|
|
|
|
|
error: Undefined Behavior: trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055,
|
|
|
but parent tag <209678> does not have an appropriate item in
|
|
|
the borrow stack
|
|
|
|
|
|
--> \lib\rustlib\src\rust\library\core\src\option.rs:846:18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
846 | Some(x) => Some(f(x)),
|
|
|
| ^ trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055,
|
|
|
| but parent tag <209678> does not have an
|
|
|
| appropriate item in the borrow stack
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
= help: this indicates a potential bug in the program:
|
|
|
it performed an invalid operation, but the rules it
|
|
|
violated are still experimental
|
|
|
= help: see https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/blob/master/wip/stacked-borrows.md
|
|
|
for further information
|
|
|
|
|
|
= note: inside `std::option::Option::<std::boxed::Box<fifth::Node<i32>>>::map::<i32, [closure@src\fifth.rs:31:30: 40:10]>` at \lib\rustlib\src\rust\library\core\src\option.rs:846:18
|
|
|
|
|
|
note: inside `fifth::List::<i32>::pop` at src\fifth.rs:31:9
|
|
|
--> src\fifth.rs:31:9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 | / self.head.take().map(|head| {
|
|
|
32 | | let head = *head;
|
|
|
33 | | self.head = head.next;
|
|
|
34 | |
|
|
|
... |
|
|
|
39 | | head.elem
|
|
|
40 | | })
|
|
|
| |__________^
|
|
|
note: inside `fifth::test::basics` at src\fifth.rs:74:20
|
|
|
--> src\fifth.rs:74:20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
74 | assert_eq!(list.pop(), Some(1));
|
|
|
| ^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
note: inside closure at src\fifth.rs:62:5
|
|
|
--> src\fifth.rs:62:5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 | #[test]
|
|
|
| ------- in this procedural macro expansion
|
|
|
62 | / fn basics() {
|
|
|
63 | | let mut list = List::new();
|
|
|
64 | |
|
|
|
65 | | // Check empty list behaves right
|
|
|
... |
|
|
|
96 | | assert_eq!(list.pop(), None);
|
|
|
97 | | }
|
|
|
| |_____^
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
error: aborting due to previous error
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>咦还真有错误，大叔，这是什么错误？大叔？…奇怪的大叔默默离开了，留下我在风中凌乱。</p>
|
|
|
<p>果然不靠谱…还是得靠自己，首先得了解下何为 <code>miri</code>。</p>
|
|
|
<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/miri"><code>miri</code></a> 可以生成 Rust 的中间层表示 MIR，对于编译器来说，我们的 Rust 代码首先会被编译为 MIR ，然后再提交给 LLVM 进行处理。</p>
|
|
|
<p>可以通过 <code>rustup component add miri</code> 来安装它，并通过 <code>cargo miri</code> 来使用，同时还可以使用 <code>cargo miri test</code> 来运行测试代码。</p>
|
|
|
<p><code>miri</code> 可以帮助我们检查常见的未定义行为(UB = Undefined Behavior)，以下列出了一部分:</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>内存越界检查和内存释放后再使用(use-after-free)</li>
|
|
|
<li>使用未初始化的数据</li>
|
|
|
<li>数据竞争</li>
|
|
|
<li>内存对齐问题</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p>UB 检测是必须的，因为它发生在运行时，因此很难发现，如果 <code>miri</code> 能在编译期检测出来，那自然是最好不过的。</p>
|
|
|
<p>总之，<code>miri</code> 的使用很简单:</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">$ cargo +nightly-2022-01-21 miri test
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>下面来看看具体的错误：</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell">error: Undefined Behavior: trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055, but parent tag <209678> does not have an appropriate item in the borrow stack
|
|
|
|
|
|
--> \lib\rustlib\src\rust\library\core\src\option.rs:846:18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
846 | Some(x) => Some(f(x)),
|
|
|
| ^ trying to reborrow for Unique at alloc84055,
|
|
|
| but parent tag <209678> does not have an
|
|
|
| appropriate item in the borrow stack
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
= help: this indicates a potential bug in the program: it
|
|
|
performed an invalid operation, but the rules it
|
|
|
violated are still experimental
|
|
|
|
|
|
= help: see
|
|
|
https://github.com/rust-lang/unsafe-code-guidelines/blob/master/wip/stacked-borrows.md
|
|
|
for further information
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>嗯，只能看出是一个错误，其它完全看不懂了，例如什么是 <code>borrow stack</code>？</p>
|
|
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