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<h1 id="rust-新版解读--171--c-unwind-api"><a class="header" href="#rust-新版解读--171--c-unwind-api">Rust 新版解读 | 1.71 | C-unwind API</a></h1>
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<blockquote>
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<p>Rust 1.71 官方 release doc: <a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/07/13/Rust-1.71.0.html">Announcing Rust 1.71.0 | Rust Blog</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>通过 <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install">rustup</a> 安装的同学可以使用以下命令升级到 1.71 版本:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-shell">$ rustup update stable
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="c-unwind-api"><a class="header" href="#c-unwind-api">C-unwind API</a></h2>
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<p>1.71.0 稳定了 <code>C-unwind</code> 和其他 <code>-unwind</code> 后缀的ABI，具体见<a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/74990#issuecomment-1363473645">列表</a></p>
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<p>非强制unwinding的结果在这个RFC的<a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/blob/master/text/2945-c-unwind-abi.md#abi-boundaries-and-unforced-unwinding">表格</a>里。</p>
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<p>带有 <code>-unwind</code> 后缀的ABI在由于 <code>panic</code> 或者 C++ 的异常(exception) 而执行 unwinding 时，穿过 ABI 边界会更安全，除此以外和没有 <code>-unwind</code> 后缀的 ABI 基本等效。使用 <code>panic=unwind</code> 可以有效地让异常从一种语言堆栈展开(stack unwind)到另一种语言而不需要中止进程（只要这个异常的产生和捕获都是在同一种语言内进行的）。而 <code>panic=abort</code> 通常会立刻中止进程。</p>
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<p>这次稳定不会影响已有的ABI（比如 <code>C</code>），通过这些ABI的 unwinding 仍然是 UB 未定义行为。未来的 Rust 版本会按照这个RFC来修复这些ABI（通常会在边界处abort）。我们鼓励需要unwind穿过ABI边界的用户使用新的 ABI 来确保未来的兼容性。</p>
|
|
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<p>译者注：或许以下一些概念对理解上面这个更新内容有一些帮助：</p>
|
|
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<ul>
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|
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<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/ffi.html">FFI</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2331316/what-is-stack-unwinding">what-is-stack-unwinding</a></li>
|
|
|
<li><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/unwinding.html">Rust Unwinding</a></li>
|
|
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</ul>
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|
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<h2 id="调试器可视化属性"><a class="header" href="#调试器可视化属性">调试器可视化属性</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>1.71.0 稳定了新的属性：<code>#[debug_visualizer(natvis_file = "...")]</code> 和 <code>#[debug_visualizer(gdb_script_file = "...")]</code>。它们允许植入 Nativis 描述和 GDB 脚本到 Rust 库里来改善通过调试器查看这些库数据结构时的输出结果。Rust本身有给标准库打包类似的脚本，如今这个特性让库作者也可以给其用户提供类似的体验了。</p>
|
|
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<p>具体细节查看：<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/attributes/debugger.html#the-debugger_visualizer-attribute">the-debugger_visualizer-attribute</a></p>
|
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<h2 id="raw-dylib-动态库链接"><a class="header" href="#raw-dylib-动态库链接">raw-dylib 动态库链接</a></h2>
|
|
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<p>在 Windows 平台上，通过在 <code>#[link]</code> 里使用新的选项 <code>kind="raw-dylib"</code>，Rust 现在支持使用动态库且编译期不需要依赖这个动态库。</p>
|
|
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<p>这避免了要求用户安装这些库（这在跨平台交叉编译的时候尤为困难），也避免了在crates指明需要链接的库的具体版本。</p>
|
|
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<p>使用新的属性 <code>#[link_ordinal]</code>， Rust 也支持通过动态库的符号顺序而不是符号名称来进行符号绑定。</p>
|
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<h2 id="线程局部常量初始化"><a class="header" href="#线程局部常量初始化">线程局部常量初始化</a></h2>
|
|
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<p>其实是 1.59 稳定进标准库的功能（没有在更新说明和文档里提过）。<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/macro.thread_local.html">文档</a></p>
|
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<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span>use std::cell::RefCell;
|
|
|
use std::thread;
|
|
|
|
|
|
thread_local!(static FOO: RefCell<u32> = RefCell::new(1));
|
|
|
|
|
|
FOO.with(|f| {
|
|
|
assert_eq!(*f.borrow(), 1);
|
|
|
*f.borrow_mut() = 2;
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
|
// each thread starts out with the initial value of 1
|
|
|
let t = thread::spawn(move|| {
|
|
|
FOO.with(|f| {
|
|
|
assert_eq!(*f.borrow(), 1);
|
|
|
*f.borrow_mut() = 3;
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
|
|
// wait for the thread to complete and bail out on panic
|
|
|
t.join().unwrap();
|
|
|
|
|
|
// we retain our original value of 2 despite the child thread
|
|
|
FOO.with(|f| {
|
|
|
assert_eq!(*f.borrow(), 2);
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<h2 id="others"><a class="header" href="#others">Others</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>其它更新细节，和稳定的API列表，参考<a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2023/07/13/Rust-1.71.0.html#stabilized-apis">原Blog</a></p>
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