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<h1 id="rust-新版解读--187--十周年"><a class="header" href="#rust-新版解读--187--十周年">Rust 新版解读 | 1.87 | 十周年🎉</a></h1>
|
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<p><a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2015/05/15/Rust-1.0/">Rust 1.0</a> 十周年🎉</p>
|
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<blockquote>
|
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|
<p>Rust 1.87 官方 release doc: <a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/05/15/Rust-1.87.0/">Announcing Rust 1.87.0 | Rust Blog</a></p>
|
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</blockquote>
|
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<p>通过 <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install">rustup</a> 安装的同学可以使用以下命令升级到 1.87 版本:</p>
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|
<pre><code class="language-shell">$ rustup update stable
|
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="匿名管道"><a class="header" href="#匿名管道">匿名管道</a></h2>
|
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<p>1.87 版本为标准库添加了匿名管道支持，包括与 <code>std::process::Command</code> 输入/输出方法的集成。例如，现在可以相对简单地合并标准输出和标准错误流，如下所示，而过去需要额外线程或平台特定函数才能实现。</p>
|
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<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
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</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
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</span>use std::process::Command;
|
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use std::io::Read;
|
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|
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let (mut recv, send) = std::io::pipe()?;
|
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let mut command = Command::new("path/to/bin")
|
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// 标准输出和标准错误都会写入同一个管道，实现合并
|
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.stdout(send.try_clone()?)
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.stderr(send)
|
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.spawn()?;
|
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let mut output = Vec::new();
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|
|
recv.read_to_end(&mut output)?;
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 必须在进程退出前读取管道内容，避免程序输出过多时填满系统缓冲区
|
|
|
assert!(command.wait()?.success());
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<h2 id="安全的架构内置函数"><a class="header" href="#安全的架构内置函数">安全的架构内置函数</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>大多数仅因需要启用目标特性而被标记为不安全的 <code>std::arch</code> 内置函数，现在可以在已启用相应特性的安全代码中调用。例如，以下使用手动内置函数实现数组求和的示例程序，现在核心循环可以使用安全代码。</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
</span>#![forbid(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span>use std::arch::x86_64::*;
|
|
|
|
|
|
fn sum(slice: &[u32]) -> u32 {
|
|
|
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
if is_x86_feature_detected!("avx2") {
|
|
|
// 安全性：我们已检测到运行时启用了该特性，因此调用此函数是安全的
|
|
|
return unsafe { sum_avx2(slice) };
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
slice.iter().sum()
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
#[target_feature(enable = "avx2")]
|
|
|
#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
|
|
|
fn sum_avx2(slice: &[u32]) -> u32 {
|
|
|
// 安全性：__m256i 和 u32 具有相同的有效性
|
|
|
let (prefix, middle, tail) = unsafe { slice.align_to::<__m256i>() };
|
|
|
|
|
|
let mut sum = prefix.iter().sum::<u32>();
|
|
|
sum += tail.iter().sum::<u32>();
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 在 1.87 中核心循环现在是完全安全的代码，因为内置函数要求与函数定义匹配的目标特性 (avx2)
|
|
|
let mut base = _mm256_setzero_si256();
|
|
|
for e in middle.iter() {
|
|
|
base = _mm256_add_epi32(base, *e);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
// 安全性：__m256i 和 u32 具有相同的有效性
|
|
|
let base: [u32; 8] = unsafe { std::mem::transmute(base) };
|
|
|
sum += base.iter().sum::<u32>();
|
|
|
|
|
|
sum
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<h2 id="asm-跳转到-rust-代码"><a class="header" href="#asm-跳转到-rust-代码"><code>asm!</code> 跳转到 Rust 代码</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>内联汇编 (<code>asm!</code>) 现在可以跳转到 Rust 代码中的 labeled 代码块。这为底层编程提供了更大灵活性，例如在操作系统内核中实现优化控制流，或更高效地与硬件交互。</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li><code>asm!</code> 宏现在支持 label 标签语法，作为跳转目标</li>
|
|
|
<li>label 必须是返回类型为 <code>()</code> 或 <code>!</code> 的块表达式</li>
|
|
|
<li>跳转时会执行该块，然后继续执行 <code>asm!</code> 块之后的代码</li>
|
|
|
<li>在同一 <code>asm!</code> 里使用调用中使用 output 和 label 仍处于<a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/119364">unstable</a>的</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span>unsafe {
|
|
|
asm!(
|
|
|
"jmp {}",
|
|
|
label {
|
|
|
println!("从汇编跳转而来！");
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
);
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>更多细节请参阅<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/inline-assembly.html#r-asm.operand-type.supported-operands.label">参考文档</a>。</p>
|
|
|
<h2 id="特征定义中-impl-trait-的精确捕获--use"><a class="header" href="#特征定义中-impl-trait-的精确捕获--use">特征定义中 <code>impl Trait</code> 的精确捕获 (<code>+ use<...></code>)</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>本版本稳定了在特征定义中使用 <code>impl Trait</code> 返回类型时指定具体捕获的泛型类型和生命周期的功能。这扩展了 <a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2024/10/17/Rust-1.82.0/#precise-capturing-use-syntax">1.82</a> 版本中对非特征函数的稳定支持。</p>
|
|
|
<p>一些示例解语法：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span>trait Foo {
|
|
|
fn method<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Sized;
|
|
|
|
|
|
// ... 解语法后类似：
|
|
|
type Implicit1<'a>: Sized;
|
|
|
fn method_desugared<'a>(&'a self) -> Self::Implicit1<'a>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
// ... 而使用精确捕获时 ...
|
|
|
fn precise<'a>(&'a self) -> impl Sized + use<Self>;
|
|
|
|
|
|
// ... 解语法后类似：
|
|
|
type Implicit2: Sized;
|
|
|
fn precise_desugared<'a>(&'a self) -> Self::Implicit2;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<h2 id="others"><a class="header" href="#others">Others</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>其它更新细节，和稳定的 API 列表，参考<a href="https://blog.rust-lang.org/2025/05/15/Rust-1.87.0/#stabilized-apis">原Blog</a></p>
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