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<main>
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<h1 id="构建-build-缓存"><a class="header" href="#构建-build-缓存">构建( Build )缓存</a></h1>
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<p><code>cargo build</code> 的结果会被放入项目根目录下的 <code>target</code> 文件夹中，当然，这个位置可以三种方式更改：设置 <code>CARGO_TARGET_DIR</code> <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/cargo/reference/environment-variables.html">环境变量</a>、<a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/configuration.html#配置文件概览"><code>build.target-dir</code></a> 配置项以及 <code>--target-dir</code> 命令行参数。</p>
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<h2 id="target-目录结构"><a class="header" href="#target-目录结构">target 目录结构</a></h2>
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<p><code>target</code> 目录的结构取决于是否使用 <code>--target</code> 标志为特定的平台构建。</p>
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<h4 id="不使用-target"><a class="header" href="#不使用-target">不使用 –target</a></h4>
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<p>若 <code>--target</code> 标志没有指定，<code>Cargo</code> 会根据宿主机架构进行构建，构建结果会放入项目根目录下的 <code>target</code> 目录中，<code>target</code> 下每个子目录中包含了相应的 <a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/profiles.html"><code>发布配置profile</code></a> 的构建结果，例如 <code>release</code>、<code>debug</code> 是自带的<code>profile</code>，前者往往用于生产环境，因为会做大量的性能优化，而后者则用于开发环境，此时的编译效率和报错信息是最好的。</p>
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<p>除此之外我们还可以定义自己想要的 <code>profile</code> ，例如用于测试环境的 <code>profile</code>： <code>test</code>，用于预发环境的 <code>profile</code> ：<code>pre-prod</code> 等。</p>
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<tr><th>目录</th><th>描述</th></tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr><td><code>target/debug/</code></td><td>包含了 <code>dev</code> profile 的构建输出(<code>cargo build</code> 或 <code>cargo build --debug</code>)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>target/release/</code></td><td><code>release</code> profile 的构建输出，<code>cargo build --release</code></td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>target/foo/</code></td><td>自定义 <code>foo</code> profile 的构建输出，<code>cargo build --profile=foo</code></td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<p>出于历史原因:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><code>dev</code> 和 <code>test</code> profile 的构建结果都存放在 <code>debug</code> 目录下</li>
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<li><code>release</code> 和 <code>bench</code> profile 则存放在 <code>release</code> 目录下</li>
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<li>用户定义的 profile 存在同名的目录下</li>
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</ul>
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<h4 id="使用-target"><a class="header" href="#使用-target">使用 –target</a></h4>
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<p>当使用 <code>--target XXX</code> 为特定的平台编译后，输出会放在 <code>target/XXX/</code> 目录下:</p>
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<div class="table-wrapper">
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<table>
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<thead>
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<tr><th>目录</th><th>示例</th></tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr><td><code>target/<triple>/debug/</code></td><td><code>target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/</code></td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>target/<triple>/release/</code></td><td><code>target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/release/</code></td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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<blockquote>
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<p><strong>注意：</strong>，当没有使用 <code>--target</code> 时，<code>Cargo</code> 会与构建脚本和过程宏一起共享你的依赖包，对于每个 <code>rustc</code> 命令调用而言，<a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/configuration.html#配置文件概览"><code>RUSTFLAGS</code></a> 也将被共享。</p>
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|
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<p>而使用 <code>--target</code> 后，构建脚本、过程宏会针对宿主机的 CPU 架构进行各自构建，且不会共享 <code>RUSTFLAGS</code>。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h4 id="target-子目录说明"><a class="header" href="#target-子目录说明">target 子目录说明</a></h4>
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<p>在 profile 文件夹中(例如 <code>debug</code> 或 <code>release</code>)，包含编译后的最终成果:</p>
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<div class="table-wrapper">
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
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<thead>
|
|
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<tr><th>目录</th><th>描述</th></tr>
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</thead>
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|
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<tbody>
|
|
|
<tr><td><code>target/debug/</code></td><td>包含编译后的输出，例如二进制可执行文件、<a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#库对象library">库对象( library target )</a></td></tr>
|
|
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<tr><td><code>target/debug/examples/</code></td><td>包含<a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/cargo-target.html#示例对象examples">示例对象( example target )</a></td></tr>
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</tbody>
|
|
|
</table>
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|
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</div>
|
|
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<p>还有一些命令会在 <code>target</code> 下生成自己的独立目录:</p>
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<div class="table-wrapper">
|
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|
<table>
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|
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<thead>
|
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<tr><th>目录</th><th>描述</th></tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr><td><code>target/doc/</code></td><td>包含通过 <code>cargo doc</code> 生成的文档</td></tr>
|
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<tr><td><code>target/package/</code></td><td>包含 <code>cargo package</code> 或 <code>cargo publish</code> 生成的输出</td></tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
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|
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<p>Cargo 还会创建几个用于构建过程的其它类型目录，它们的目录结构只应该被 Cargo 自身使用，因此可能会在未来发生变化:</p>
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<div class="table-wrapper">
|
|
|
<table>
|
|
|
<thead>
|
|
|
<tr><th>目录</th><th>描述</th></tr>
|
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</thead>
|
|
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<tbody>
|
|
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<tr><td><code>target/debug/deps</code></td><td>依赖和其它输出成果</td></tr>
|
|
|
<tr><td><code>target/debug/incremental</code></td><td><code>rustc</code> <a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/profiles.html#incremental">增量编译</a>的输出，该缓存可以用于提升后续的编译速度</td></tr>
|
|
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<tr><td><code>target/debug/build/</code></td><td><a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/build-script/intro.html">构建脚本</a>的输出</td></tr>
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</tbody>
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
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</div>
|
|
|
<h2 id="依赖信息文件"><a class="header" href="#依赖信息文件">依赖信息文件</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>在每一个编译成果的旁边，都有一个依赖信息文件，文件后缀是 <code>.d</code>。该文件的语法类似于 <code>Makefile</code>，用于说明构建编译成果所需的所有依赖包。</p>
|
|
|
<p>该文件往往用于提供给外部的构建系统，这样它们就可以判断 <code>Cargo</code> 命令是否需要再次被执行。</p>
|
|
|
<p>文件中的路径默认是绝对路径，你可以通过 <a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/configuration.html#配置文件概览"><code>build.dep-info-basedir</code></a> 配置项来修改为相对路径。</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-shell"># 关于 `.d` 文件的一个示例 : target/debug/foo.d
|
|
|
/path/to/myproj/target/debug/foo: /path/to/myproj/src/lib.rs /path/to/myproj/src/main.rs
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<h2 id="共享缓存"><a class="header" href="#共享缓存">共享缓存</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p><a href="https://github.com/mozilla/sccache">sccache</a> 是一个三方工具，可以用于在不同的工作空间中共享已经构建好的依赖包。</p>
|
|
|
<p>为了设置 <code>sccache</code>，首先需要使用 <code>cargo install sccache</code> 进行安装，然后在调用 <code>Cargo</code> 之前将 <code>RUSTC_WRAPPER</code> 环境变量设置为 <code>sccache</code>。</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>如果用的 <code>bash</code>，可以将 <code>export RUSTC_WRAPPER=sccache</code> 添加到 <code>.bashrc</code> 中</li>
|
|
|
<li>也可以使用 <a href="https://course.rs/cargo/reference/configuration.html#配置文件概览"><code>build.rustc-wrapper</code></a> 配置项</li>
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</ul>
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