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<h1 id="避免从入门到放弃"><a class="header" href="#避免从入门到放弃">避免从入门到放弃</a></h1>
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<p>很多人都在学 Rust ing，也有很多人在放弃 ing。想要顺利学完 Rust，大家需要谨记本文列出的内容，否则这极有可能是又双叒叕从入门到放弃之旅。</p>
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<p>Rust 是一门全新的语言，它会带给你前所未有的体验，提升你的通用编程水平，甚至于赋予你全新的编程思想。在此时此刻，大家可能还半信半疑，但是当学完它再回头看时，你肯定也会认同这些貌似浮夸的赞美。</p>
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<h2 id="避免试一试的心态"><a class="header" href="#避免试一试的心态">避免试一试的心态</a></h2>
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<p>在学习 Go、Python 等编程语言时，你可能会一边工作、一边轻松愉快的学习它们，但是 Rust 不行。原因如文章开头所说，在学习 Rust 的同时你会收获很多语言之外的知识，因此 Rust 在入门阶段比很多编程语言要更难，但是一旦入门，你将收获一个全新的自己，成为一个更加优秀的程序员。</p>
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<p>在学习过程中，一开始可能会轻松愉快，但是在开始接触 Rust 核心概念时（所有权、借用、生命周期、智能指针等），难度会陡然提升，此时就需要认真对待起来，否则会为后面埋下难以填补的坑：结果最后你可能只有两个选择 —— 重新学 or 放弃。</p>
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<p>因此，在学习过程中，给大家三点建议：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>要提前做好会遇到困难的准备，因为如上所说，学习 Rust 不仅仅是在学习一门编程语言</li>
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<li>不要抱着试一试的心态去试一试，否则是浪费时间和消耗学习激情，作为连续七年荣获全世界最受喜欢桂冠的语言，Rust 不仅仅是值得试一试 :)</li>
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<li>深入学习一本好书或教程</li>
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</ul>
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<p>总之，Rust 入门难，但是在你一次次克服艰难险阻的同时，也一次次收获了与众不同的编程经验，最后历经九九八十一难，立地成大佬。 给自己一个机会，也给 Rust 一个机会 ：）</p>
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<h2 id="深入学习一本好书"><a class="header" href="#深入学习一本好书">深入学习一本好书</a></h2>
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<p>Rust 跟其它语言不同，你无法看了一遍语法，然后就能上手写代码，对，我说的就是对比 Go 语言，后者的简单易用是有目共睹的。</p>
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<p>这些年，我遇到过太多在网上看了一遍菜鸟教程(或其它简易教程)就上手写 demo 甚至项目的同学，无一例外，都各种碰壁、趟坑，最后要么放弃，要么回炉重造，之前的时间和精力基本等同浪费。</p>
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<p>因此，大家一定要舍得投入时间，沉下心去读一本好书，这本书会带你深入浅出地学习使用 Rust 所需的各种知识，还会带你提前趟坑，这些坑往往是需要大量的时间才能领悟的。</p>
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<p>在以前我可能会推荐看 Rust Book + async book + nomicon 这几本英文书的组合，但是现在有了一本更适合中国用户的书籍，那就是…你们猜，内容好坏大家一读即知，光就文字而言，那绝对是行云流水般的阅读体验，可以极大提升学习效率，也不再因为反复读也读不懂一句话而烦闷不堪。</p>
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<h2 id="千万别从链表或图开始练手"><a class="header" href="#千万别从链表或图开始练手">千万别从链表或图开始练手</a></h2>
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<p>CS（Computer Science：计算机科学）课程中咱们会学习大量的常用数据结构和算法，因此大家都养成了一种好习惯：学习一门新语言，先用它写个链表或图试试。</p>
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<p>我的天，在 Rust 中<strong>千万别这么干</strong>，你是在扼杀自己之前的努力！因为不像其它语言，链表在 Rust 中简直是地狱一般的难度，我见过太多英雄好汉难过链表关，最终黯然退幕。我不希望正在阅读此文的你也成为其中一个 :（</p>
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<p>这些自引用类型（一种数据结构，它内部的某个字段又引用了其自身），它们堪称恶魔：不仅仅在蹂躏着新手，还在折磨着老手。有意思的是，它们的难恰恰是 Rust 的优点导致的：无 GC 也无手动内存管理还要做到内存安全。</p>
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<p>这些优点并不是凭空产生，而是来源于 Rust 那一套强大、优美的机制，这些机制一旦你学到，就会被它巧妙的构思和设计征服，进而被 Rust 深深吸引！但是一切选择都有利弊，这种机制的弊端就在于实现链表这类数据结构时，会变得非常非常复杂。</p>
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<p>你需要糅合各种知识，才能解决这个问题，但是这显然不是一个新手应该独自去面对的。总之，不会链表对于 Rust 的学习和写项目，真的没有任何影响，直接使用大神已经写好的数据结构就可以。</p>
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<p>如果想要练手，我们可以换个方向开始，例如书中的入门和进阶实战项目都是非常好的选择。当然如果你就是喜欢征服困难，那没问题，就从链表开始。但是无论选择哪个，本书都将给你莫大的帮助，包括如何实现一个链表！</p>
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<h2 id="仔细阅读编译错误"><a class="header" href="#仔细阅读编译错误">仔细阅读编译错误</a></h2>
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<p>在一些编程语言中，你可能习惯了编译器给出的错误只看前面（或后面）几行，毕竟大部分是没啥大用的堆栈信息，在此过程中， <code>how stupid the 编译器 is</code> 的感想时不时会迸发出来。</p>
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<p>但是 Rust 不是，它为我们提供了一个强大无比的编译器，而且会提示我们该如何修改代码以解决错误，简直就是一名优秀的老师！</p>
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<p>因此在使用 Rust 过程中，如果你不知该如何解决错误，不妨仔细阅读下编译器或者 IDE 给出的错误提示，绝大多数时候，都可以通过这些提示顺利的解决问题。</p>
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<p>同时也不要忽略编译器给出的警告信息(warnings)，因为里面包含了 <code>cargo clippy</code> 给出的 <code>lint</code> 提示，这些提示不仅仅包含代码风格，甚至包含了一些隐藏很深的错误！至于这些错误为何不是 <code>error</code> 形式出现，随着学习的深入，你将逐渐理解 Rust 的各种设计选择，包括这个问题。</p>
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<h2 id="不要强制自己使用其它编程语言的最佳实践来写-rust"><a class="header" href="#不要强制自己使用其它编程语言的最佳实践来写-rust">不要强制自己使用其它编程语言的最佳实践来写 Rust</a></h2>
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<p>大多数其它编程语言适用的最佳实践在 Rust 中也可以很好的使用，但是 Rust 并不是一门专门的面向对象或者函数式语言，因此在使用自己喜欢的编程风格时，也要考虑遵循 Rust 应有的实践。</p>
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<p>例如纯面向对象或纯函数式编程，在 Rust 中就并不是一个很好的选择。如果你有过 Go 语言的编程经验，相信能更加理解我这里想表达的含义。</p>
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<p>不过大家也不用担心，在书中我们会以专题的形式专门讲解 Rust 的最佳实践，看完后自然就明白了。</p>
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<h2 id="总结"><a class="header" href="#总结">总结</a></h2>
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<p>对于新手而言，最应该避免的就是从<strong>链表开始练手</strong>，最应该做的就是认真仔细地学习一本优秀而全面的书。</p>
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<p>总之，认真学 Rust，既然选择了，就<strong>相信自己，你的前方会是星辰大海！</strong></p>
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