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<h1 id="包和模块"><a class="header" href="#包和模块">包和模块</a></h1>
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<p>当工程规模变大时，把代码写到一个甚至几个文件中，都是不太聪明的做法，可能存在以下问题：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>单个文件过大，导致打开、翻页速度大幅变慢</li>
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<li>查询和定位效率大幅降低，类比下，你会把所有知识内容放在一个几十万字的文档中吗？</li>
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<li>只有一个代码层次：函数，难以维护和协作，想象一下你的操作系统只有一个根目录，剩下的都是单层子目录会如何：<code>disaster</code></li>
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<li>容易滋生 Bug</li>
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</ol>
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<p>同时，将大的代码文件拆分成包和模块，还允许我们实现代码抽象和复用：将你的代码封装好后提供给用户，那么用户只需要调用公共接口即可，无需知道内部该如何实现。</p>
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<p>因此，跟其它语言一样，Rust 也提供了相应概念用于代码的组织管理：</p>
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<ul>
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<li>项目(Packages)：一个 <code>Cargo</code> 提供的 <code>feature</code>，可以用来构建、测试和分享包</li>
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<li>包(Crate)：一个由多个模块组成的树形结构，可以作为三方库进行分发，也可以生成可执行文件进行运行</li>
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<li>模块(Module)：可以一个文件多个模块，也可以一个文件一个模块，模块可以被认为是真实项目中的代码组织单元</li>
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</ul>
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<p>下面，让我们一一来学习这些概念以及如何在实践中运用。</p>
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