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<main>
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<h1 id="线程类型导致的栈溢出"><a class="header" href="#线程类型导致的栈溢出">线程类型导致的栈溢出</a></h1>
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<p>在 Rust 中，我们不太容易遇到栈溢出，因为默认栈还挺大的，而且大的数据往往存在堆上(动态增长)，但是一旦遇到该如何处理？先来看段代码：</p>
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<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
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</span>#![feature(test)]
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<span class="boring">fn main() {
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</span>extern crate test;
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod tests {
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use test::Bencher;
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#[bench]
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fn it_works(b: &mut Bencher) {
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b.iter(|| { let stack = [[[0.0; 2]; 512]; 512]; });
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}
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}
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<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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<p>以上代码是一个测试模块，它在堆上生成了一个数组<code>stack</code>，初步看起来数组挺大的，先尝试运行下<code>cargo test</code>:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>你很可能会遇到<code>#![feature(test)]</code>错误，因为该特性目前只存在<code>Rust Nightly</code>版本上，具体解决方法见<a href="https://course.rs/appendix/rust-version.html#%E5%9C%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-rust-nightly">Rust 语言圣经</a></p>
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</blockquote>
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<pre><code class="language-console">running 1 test
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thread 'tests::it_works' has overflowed its stack
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fatal runtime error: stack overflow
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</code></pre>
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<p>Bang，很不幸，遇到了百年一遇的栈溢出错误，再来试试<code>cargo bench</code>，竟然通过了测试，这是什么原因？为何<code>cargo test</code>和<code>cargo bench</code>拥有完全不同的行为？这就要从 Rust 的栈原理讲起。</p>
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<p>首先看看<code>stack</code>数组，它的大小是<code>8 × 2 × 512 × 512 = 4 MiB</code>，嗯，很大，崩溃也正常(读者说，正常，只是作者你不太正常。。).</p>
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<p>其次，<code>cargo test</code>和<code>cargo bench</code>，前者运行在一个新创建的线程上，而后者运行在<strong>main 线程上</strong>.</p>
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<p>最后，<code>main</code>线程由于是老大，所以资源比较多，拥有令其它兄弟艳羡不已的<code>8MB</code>栈大小，而其它新线程只有区区<code>2MB</code>栈大小(取决于操作系统,<code>linux</code>是<code>2MB</code>,其它的可能更小)，再对比我们的<code>stack</code>大小，不崩溃就奇怪了。</p>
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<p>因此，你现在明白，为何<code>cargo test</code>不能运行，而<code>cargo bench</code>却可以欢快运行。</p>
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<p>如果实在想要增大栈的默认大小，以通过该测试，你可以这样运行:<code>RUST_MIN_STACK=8388608 cargo test</code>,结果如下：</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">running 1 test
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test tests::it_works ... ok
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test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out; finished in 0.00s
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</code></pre>
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<p>Bingo, 成功了,最后再补充点测试的背景知识:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p><code>cargo test</code>为何使用新线程？因为它需要并行的运行测试用例，与之相反，<code>cargo bench</code>只需要顺序的执行，因此 main 线程足矣</p>
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