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<h1 id="常见集合"><a class="header" href="#常见集合">常见集合</a></h1>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/main/src/ch08-00-common-collections.md">ch08-00-common-collections.md</a>
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<br>
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commit 1fd890031311612e54965f7f800a8c8bd4464663</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>Rust 标准库中包含一系列被称为 <strong>集合</strong>（<em>collections</em>）的非常有用的数据结构。大部分其他数据类型都代表一个特定的值，不过集合可以包含多个值。不同于内建的数组和元组类型，这些集合指向的数据是储存在堆上的，这意味着数据的数量不必在编译时就已知，并且还可以随着程序的运行增长或缩小。每种集合都有着不同功能和成本，而根据当前情况选择合适的集合，这是一项应当逐渐掌握的技能。在这一章里，我们将详细的了解三个在 Rust 程序中被广泛使用的集合：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><em>vector</em> 允许我们一个挨着一个地储存一系列数量可变的值</li>
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<li><strong>字符串</strong>（<em>string</em>）是字符的集合。我们之前见过 <code>String</code> 类型，不过在本章我们将深入了解。</li>
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<li><strong>哈希 map</strong>（<em>hash map</em>）允许我们将值与一个特定的键（key）相关联。这是一个叫做 <em>map</em> 的更通用的数据结构的特定实现。</li>
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</ul>
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<p>对于标准库提供的其他类型的集合，请查看<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/index.html">文档</a>。</p>
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<p>我们将讨论如何创建和更新 vector、字符串和哈希 map，以及它们有什么特别之处。</p>
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