|
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
|
|
<html lang="en" class="light sidebar-visible" dir="ltr">
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
<!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
|
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
|
<title>match 控制流结构 - Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom HTML head -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="description" content="">
|
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|
|
<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="icon" href="favicon-de23e50b.svg">
|
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon-8114d1fc.png">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/variables-8adf115d.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/general-2459343d.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/chrome-ae938929.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print-9e4910d8.css" media="print">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Fonts -->
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="fonts/fonts-9644e21d.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" id="mdbook-highlight-css" href="highlight-493f70e1.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" id="mdbook-tomorrow-night-css" href="tomorrow-night-4c0ae647.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" id="mdbook-ayu-highlight-css" href="ayu-highlight-3fdfc3ac.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ferris-d33b75bf.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="theme/2018-edition-4e126c62.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="theme/semantic-notes-9b5766c0.css">
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="theme/listing-cab26221.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Provide site root and default themes to javascript -->
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
const path_to_root = "";
|
|
|
const default_light_theme = "light";
|
|
|
const default_dark_theme = "navy";
|
|
|
window.path_to_searchindex_js = "searchindex-7d935aa5.js";
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
<!-- Start loading toc.js asap -->
|
|
|
<script src="toc-9d5d6d0e.js"></script>
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-help-container">
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-help-popup">
|
|
|
<h2 class="mdbook-help-title">Keyboard shortcuts</h2>
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
<p>Press <kbd>←</kbd> or <kbd>→</kbd> to navigate between chapters</p>
|
|
|
<p>Press <kbd>S</kbd> or <kbd>/</kbd> to search in the book</p>
|
|
|
<p>Press <kbd>?</kbd> to show this help</p>
|
|
|
<p>Press <kbd>Esc</kbd> to hide this help</p>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-body-container">
|
|
|
<!-- Work around some values being stored in localStorage wrapped in quotes -->
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
try {
|
|
|
let theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme');
|
|
|
let sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar');
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (theme.startsWith('"') && theme.endsWith('"')) {
|
|
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-theme', theme.slice(1, theme.length - 1));
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (sidebar.startsWith('"') && sidebar.endsWith('"')) {
|
|
|
localStorage.setItem('mdbook-sidebar', sidebar.slice(1, sidebar.length - 1));
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
} catch (e) { }
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
const default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? default_dark_theme : default_light_theme;
|
|
|
let theme;
|
|
|
try { theme = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-theme'); } catch(e) { }
|
|
|
if (theme === null || theme === undefined) { theme = default_theme; }
|
|
|
const html = document.documentElement;
|
|
|
html.classList.remove('light')
|
|
|
html.classList.add(theme);
|
|
|
html.classList.add("js");
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<input type="checkbox" id="mdbook-sidebar-toggle-anchor" class="hidden">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
let sidebar = null;
|
|
|
const sidebar_toggle = document.getElementById("mdbook-sidebar-toggle-anchor");
|
|
|
if (document.body.clientWidth >= 1080) {
|
|
|
try { sidebar = localStorage.getItem('mdbook-sidebar'); } catch(e) { }
|
|
|
sidebar = sidebar || 'visible';
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
sidebar = 'hidden';
|
|
|
sidebar_toggle.checked = false;
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
if (sidebar === 'visible') {
|
|
|
sidebar_toggle.checked = true;
|
|
|
} else {
|
|
|
html.classList.remove('sidebar-visible');
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav id="mdbook-sidebar" class="sidebar" aria-label="Table of contents">
|
|
|
<!-- populated by js -->
|
|
|
<mdbook-sidebar-scrollbox class="sidebar-scrollbox"></mdbook-sidebar-scrollbox>
|
|
|
<noscript>
|
|
|
<iframe class="sidebar-iframe-outer" src="toc.html"></iframe>
|
|
|
</noscript>
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-sidebar-resize-handle" class="sidebar-resize-handle">
|
|
|
<div class="sidebar-resize-indicator"></div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="page">
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-menu-bar-hover-placeholder"></div>
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-menu-bar" class="menu-bar sticky">
|
|
|
<div class="left-buttons">
|
|
|
<label id="mdbook-sidebar-toggle" class="icon-button" for="mdbook-sidebar-toggle-anchor" title="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-label="Toggle Table of Contents" aria-controls="mdbook-sidebar">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M0 96C0 78.3 14.3 64 32 64H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32C14.3 128 0 113.7 0 96zM0 256c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32s-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32zM448 416c0 17.7-14.3 32-32 32H32c-17.7 0-32-14.3-32-32s14.3-32 32-32H416c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<button id="mdbook-theme-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Change theme" aria-label="Change theme" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="mdbook-theme-list">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M371.3 367.1c27.3-3.9 51.9-19.4 67.2-42.9L600.2 74.1c12.6-19.5 9.4-45.3-7.6-61.2S549.7-4.4 531.1 9.6L294.4 187.2c-24 18-38.2 46.1-38.4 76.1L371.3 367.1zm-19.6 25.4l-116-104.4C175.9 290.3 128 339.6 128 400c0 3.9 .2 7.8 .6 11.6c1.8 17.5-10.2 36.4-27.8 36.4H96c-17.7 0-32 14.3-32 32s14.3 32 32 32H240c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112c0-2.5-.1-5-.2-7.5z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
<ul id="mdbook-theme-list" class="theme-popup" aria-label="Themes" role="menu">
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-default_theme">Auto</button></li>
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-light">Light</button></li>
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-rust">Rust</button></li>
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-coal">Coal</button></li>
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-navy">Navy</button></li>
|
|
|
<li role="none"><button role="menuitem" class="theme" id="mdbook-theme-ayu">Ayu</button></li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<button id="mdbook-search-toggle" class="icon-button" type="button" title="Search (`/`)" aria-label="Toggle Searchbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-keyshortcuts="/ s" aria-controls="mdbook-searchbar">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M416 208c0 45.9-14.9 88.3-40 122.7L502.6 457.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3s-32.8 12.5-45.3 0L330.7 376c-34.4 25.2-76.8 40-122.7 40C93.1 416 0 322.9 0 208S93.1 0 208 0S416 93.1 416 208zM208 352c79.5 0 144-64.5 144-144s-64.5-144-144-144S64 128.5 64 208s64.5 144 144 144z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</button>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 class="menu-title">Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="right-buttons">
|
|
|
<a href="print.html" title="Print this book" aria-label="Print this book">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg id="print-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M128 0C92.7 0 64 28.7 64 64v96h64V64H354.7L384 93.3V160h64V93.3c0-17-6.7-33.3-18.7-45.3L400 18.7C388 6.7 371.7 0 354.7 0H128zM384 352v32 64H128V384 368 352H384zm64 32h32c17.7 0 32-14.3 32-32V256c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H64c-35.3 0-64 28.7-64 64v96c0 17.7 14.3 32 32 32H64v64c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V384zm-16-88c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24s24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/KaiserY/trpl-zh-cn/tree/main" title="Git repository" aria-label="Git repository">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M165.9 397.4c0 2-2.3 3.6-5.2 3.6-3.3.3-5.6-1.3-5.6-3.6 0-2 2.3-3.6 5.2-3.6 3-.3 5.6 1.3 5.6 3.6zm-31.1-4.5c-.7 2 1.3 4.3 4.3 4.9 2.6 1 5.6 0 6.2-2s-1.3-4.3-4.3-5.2c-2.6-.7-5.5.3-6.2 2.3zm44.2-1.7c-2.9.7-4.9 2.6-4.6 4.9.3 2 2.9 3.3 5.9 2.6 2.9-.7 4.9-2.6 4.6-4.6-.3-1.9-3-3.2-5.9-2.9zM244.8 8C106.1 8 0 113.3 0 252c0 110.9 69.8 205.8 169.5 239.2 12.8 2.3 17.3-5.6 17.3-12.1 0-6.2-.3-40.4-.3-61.4 0 0-70 15-84.7-29.8 0 0-11.4-29.1-27.8-36.6 0 0-22.9-15.7 1.6-15.4 0 0 24.9 2 38.6 25.8 21.9 38.6 58.6 27.5 72.9 20.9 2.3-16 8.8-27.1 16-33.7-55.9-6.2-112.3-14.3-112.3-110.5 0-27.5 7.6-41.3 23.6-58.9-2.6-6.5-11.1-33.3 2.6-67.9 20.9-6.5 69 27 69 27 20-5.6 41.5-8.5 62.8-8.5s42.8 2.9 62.8 8.5c0 0 48.1-33.6 69-27 13.7 34.7 5.2 61.4 2.6 67.9 16 17.7 25.8 31.5 25.8 58.9 0 96.5-58.9 104.2-114.8 110.5 9.2 7.9 17 22.9 17 46.4 0 33.7-.3 75.4-.3 83.6 0 6.5 4.6 14.4 17.3 12.1C428.2 457.8 496 362.9 496 252 496 113.3 383.5 8 244.8 8zM97.2 352.9c-1.3 1-1 3.3.7 5.2 1.6 1.6 3.9 2.3 5.2 1 1.3-1 1-3.3-.7-5.2-1.6-1.6-3.9-2.3-5.2-1zm-10.8-8.1c-.7 1.3.3 2.9 2.3 3.9 1.6 1 3.6.7 4.3-.7.7-1.3-.3-2.9-2.3-3.9-2-.6-3.6-.3-4.3.7zm32.4 35.6c-1.6 1.3-1 4.3 1.3 6.2 2.3 2.3 5.2 2.6 6.5 1 1.3-1.3.7-4.3-1.3-6.2-2.2-2.3-5.2-2.6-6.5-1zm-11.4-14.7c-1.6 1-1.6 3.6 0 5.9 1.6 2.3 4.3 3.3 5.6 2.3 1.6-1.3 1.6-3.9 0-6.2-1.4-2.3-4-3.3-5.6-2z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-search-wrapper" class="hidden">
|
|
|
<form id="mdbook-searchbar-outer" class="searchbar-outer">
|
|
|
<div class="search-wrapper">
|
|
|
<input type="search" id="mdbook-searchbar" name="searchbar" placeholder="Search this book ..." aria-controls="mdbook-searchresults-outer" aria-describedby="searchresults-header">
|
|
|
<div class="spinner-wrapper">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg id="fa-spin"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M304 48c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48s-48 21.5-48 48s21.5 48 48 48s48-21.5 48-48zm0 416c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48s-48 21.5-48 48s21.5 48 48 48s48-21.5 48-48zM48 304c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48s-21.5-48-48-48s-48 21.5-48 48s21.5 48 48 48zm464-48c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48s-48 21.5-48 48s21.5 48 48 48s48-21.5 48-48zM142.9 437c18.7-18.7 18.7-49.1 0-67.9s-49.1-18.7-67.9 0s-18.7 49.1 0 67.9s49.1 18.7 67.9 0zm0-294.2c18.7-18.7 18.7-49.1 0-67.9S93.7 56.2 75 75s-18.7 49.1 0 67.9s49.1 18.7 67.9 0zM369.1 437c18.7 18.7 49.1 18.7 67.9 0s18.7-49.1 0-67.9s-49.1-18.7-67.9 0s-18.7 49.1 0 67.9z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</form>
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-searchresults-outer" class="searchresults-outer hidden">
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-searchresults-header" class="searchresults-header"></div>
|
|
|
<ul id="mdbook-searchresults">
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Apply ARIA attributes after the sidebar and the sidebar toggle button are added to the DOM -->
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
document.getElementById('mdbook-sidebar-toggle').setAttribute('aria-expanded', sidebar === 'visible');
|
|
|
document.getElementById('mdbook-sidebar').setAttribute('aria-hidden', sidebar !== 'visible');
|
|
|
Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('#mdbook-sidebar a')).forEach(function(link) {
|
|
|
link.setAttribute('tabIndex', sidebar === 'visible' ? 0 : -1);
|
|
|
});
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="mdbook-content" class="content">
|
|
|
<main>
|
|
|
<h2 id="match-控制流结构"><a class="header" href="#match-控制流结构"><code>match</code> 控制流结构</a></h2>
|
|
|
<!-- https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/main/src/ch06-02-match.md -->
|
|
|
<!-- commit 5d22a358fb2380aa3f270d7b6269b67b8e44849e -->
|
|
|
<p>Rust 有一个叫做 <code>match</code> 的极为强大的控制流运算符，它允许我们将一个值与一系列的模式相比较，并根据相匹配的模式执行相应代码。模式可由字面值、变量、通配符和许多其他内容构成；<a href="ch19-00-patterns.html">第十九章</a>会涉及到所有不同种类的模式以及它们的作用。<code>match</code> 的力量来源于模式的表现力，以及编译器能够确认所有可能情况均已被覆盖。</p>
|
|
|
<p>可以把 <code>match</code> 表达式想象成某种硬币分类器：硬币滑入有着不同大小孔洞的轨道，每一个硬币都会掉入符合它大小的孔洞。同样地，值也会通过 <code>match</code> 的每一个模式，并且在遇到第一个 “符合” 的模式时，值会进入相关联的代码块并在执行中被使用。</p>
|
|
|
<p>因为刚刚提到了硬币，让我们用它们来作为一个使用 <code>match</code> 的例子！我们可以编写一个函数来获取一个未知的美国硬币，并以一种类似验钞机的方式，确定它是何种硬币并返回它的美分值，如示例 6-3 中所示。</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024">enum Coin {
|
|
|
Penny,
|
|
|
Nickel,
|
|
|
Dime,
|
|
|
Quarter,
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
fn value_in_cents(coin: Coin) -> u8 {
|
|
|
match coin {
|
|
|
Coin::Penny => 1,
|
|
|
Coin::Nickel => 5,
|
|
|
Coin::Dime => 10,
|
|
|
Coin::Quarter => 25,
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p><span class="caption">示例 6-3：一个枚举和一个以枚举变体作为模式的 <code>match</code> 表达式</span></p>
|
|
|
<p>拆开 <code>value_in_cents</code> 函数中的 <code>match</code> 来看。首先，我们列出 <code>match</code> 关键字后跟一个表达式，在这个例子中是 <code>coin</code> 的值。这看起来非常像 <code>if</code> 所使用的条件表达式，不过这里有一个非常大的区别：对于 <code>if</code>，表达式必须返回一个布尔值，而这里它可以是任何类型的。例子中的 <code>coin</code> 的类型是示例 6-3 中定义的 <code>Coin</code> 枚举。</p>
|
|
|
<p>接下来是 <code>match</code> 的分支。一个分支有两个部分：一个模式和一些代码。第一个分支的模式是值 <code>Coin::Penny</code> 而之后的 <code>=></code> 运算符将模式和将要运行的代码分开。这里的代码就仅仅是值 <code>1</code>。每一个分支之间使用逗号分隔。</p>
|
|
|
<p>当 <code>match</code> 表达式执行时，它将结果值按顺序与每一个分支的模式相比较。如果模式匹配了这个值，这个模式相关联的代码将被执行。如果模式并不匹配这个值，将继续执行下一个分支，非常类似一个硬币分类器。可以拥有任意多的分支：示例 6-3 中的 <code>match</code> 有四个分支。</p>
|
|
|
<p>每个分支相关联的代码是一个表达式，而表达式的结果值将作为整个 <code>match</code> 表达式的返回值。</p>
|
|
|
<p>如果分支代码较短的话通常不使用大括号，正如示例 6-3 中的每个分支都只是返回一个值。如果想要在分支中运行多行代码，可以使用大括号，而分支后的逗号是可选的。例如，如下代码在每次使用<code>Coin::Penny</code> 调用时都会打印出 “Lucky penny!”，同时仍然返回代码块最后的值，<code>1</code>：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024"><span class="boring">enum Coin {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Penny,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Nickel,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Dime,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Quarter,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span>fn value_in_cents(coin: Coin) -> u8 {
|
|
|
match coin {
|
|
|
Coin::Penny => {
|
|
|
println!("Lucky penny!");
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
Coin::Nickel => 5,
|
|
|
Coin::Dime => 10,
|
|
|
Coin::Quarter => 25,
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<h3 id="绑定值的模式"><a class="header" href="#绑定值的模式">绑定值的模式</a></h3>
|
|
|
<p>匹配分支的另一个有用的功能是可以绑定匹配的模式的部分值。这也就是如何从枚举变体中提取值的。</p>
|
|
|
<p>作为一个例子，让我们修改枚举的一个变体来存放数据。1999 年到 2008 年间，美国在 25 美分的硬币的一侧为 50 个州的每一个都印刷了不同的设计。其他的硬币都没有这种区分州的设计，所以只有这些 25 美分硬币有特殊的价值。可以将这些信息加入我们的 <code>enum</code>，通过改变 <code>Quarter</code> 变体来包含一个 <code>State</code> 值，示例 6-4 中完成了这些修改：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024">#[derive(Debug)] // 这样可以立刻看到州的名称
|
|
|
enum UsState {
|
|
|
Alabama,
|
|
|
Alaska,
|
|
|
// --snip--
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
enum Coin {
|
|
|
Penny,
|
|
|
Nickel,
|
|
|
Dime,
|
|
|
Quarter(UsState),
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p><span class="caption">示例 6-4：<code>Quarter</code> 变体也存放了一个 <code>UsState</code> 值的 <code>Coin</code> 枚举</span></p>
|
|
|
<p>想象一下我们的一个朋友尝试收集所有 50 个州的 25 美分硬币。在根据硬币类型分类零钱的同时，也可以报告出每个 25 美分硬币所对应的州名称，这样如果我们的朋友没有的话，他可以将其加入收藏。</p>
|
|
|
<p>在这些代码的匹配表达式中，我们在匹配 <code>Coin::Quarter</code> 变体的分支的模式中增加了一个叫做 <code>state</code> 的变量。当匹配到 <code>Coin::Quarter</code> 时，变量 <code>state</code> 将会绑定 25 美分硬币所对应州的值。接着在那个分支的代码中使用 <code>state</code>，如下：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024"><span class="boring">#[derive(Debug)]
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">enum UsState {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Alabama,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Alaska,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> // --snip--
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">enum Coin {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Penny,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Nickel,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Dime,
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> Quarter(UsState),
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span>fn value_in_cents(coin: Coin) -> u8 {
|
|
|
match coin {
|
|
|
Coin::Penny => 1,
|
|
|
Coin::Nickel => 5,
|
|
|
Coin::Dime => 10,
|
|
|
Coin::Quarter(state) => {
|
|
|
println!("State quarter from {state:?}!");
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> value_in_cents(Coin::Quarter(UsState::Alaska));
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>如果调用 <code>value_in_cents(Coin::Quarter(UsState::Alaska))</code>，<code>coin</code> 将是 <code>Coin::Quarter(UsState::Alaska)</code>。当将值与每个分支相比较时，没有分支会匹配，直到遇到 <code>Coin::Quarter(state)</code>。这时，<code>state</code> 绑定的将会是值 <code>UsState::Alaska</code>。接着就可以在 <code>println!</code> 表达式中使用这个绑定了，像这样就可以获取 <code>Coin</code> 枚举的 <code>Quarter</code> 变体中内部的州的值。</p>
|
|
|
<h3 id="匹配-optiont"><a class="header" href="#匹配-optiont">匹配 <code>Option<T></code></a></h3>
|
|
|
<p>我们在之前的部分中使用 <code>Option<T></code> 时，是为了从 <code>Some</code> 中取出其内部的 <code>T</code> 值；我们还可以像处理 <code>Coin</code> 枚举那样使用 <code>match</code> 处理 <code>Option<T></code>！只不过这回比较的不再是硬币，而是 <code>Option<T></code> 的变体，但 <code>match</code> 表达式的工作方式保持不变。</p>
|
|
|
<p>比如我们想要编写一个函数，它获取一个 <code>Option<i32></code> ，如果其中含有一个值，将其加一。如果其中没有值，函数应该返回 <code>None</code> 值，而不尝试执行任何操作。</p>
|
|
|
<p>得益于 <code>match</code>，编写这个函数非常简单，它将看起来像示例 6-5 中这样：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span> fn plus_one(x: Option<i32>) -> Option<i32> {
|
|
|
match x {
|
|
|
None => None,
|
|
|
Some(i) => Some(i + 1),
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
let five = Some(5);
|
|
|
let six = plus_one(five);
|
|
|
let none = plus_one(None);
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p><span class="caption">示例 6-5：一个在 <code>Option<i32></code> 上使用 <code>match</code> 表达式的函数</span></p>
|
|
|
<p>让我们更仔细地检查 <code>plus_one</code> 的第一行操作。当调用 <code>plus_one(five)</code> 时，<code>plus_one</code> 函数体中的 <code>x</code> 将会是值 <code>Some(5)</code>。接着将其与每个分支比较。</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-rust ignore"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> fn plus_one(x: Option<i32>) -> Option<i32> {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> match x {
|
|
|
</span> None => None,
|
|
|
<span class="boring"> Some(i) => Some(i + 1),
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> }
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> }
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let five = Some(5);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let six = plus_one(five);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let none = plus_one(None);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>值 <code>Some(5)</code> 并不匹配模式 <code>None</code>，所以继续进行下一个分支。</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-rust ignore"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> fn plus_one(x: Option<i32>) -> Option<i32> {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> match x {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> None => None,
|
|
|
</span> Some(i) => Some(i + 1),
|
|
|
<span class="boring"> }
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> }
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let five = Some(5);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let six = plus_one(five);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let none = plus_one(None);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p><code>Some(5)</code> 与 <code>Some(i)</code> 匹配吗？当然匹配！它们是相同的变体。<code>i</code> 绑定了 <code>Some</code> 中包含的值，所以 <code>i</code> 的值是 <code>5</code>。接着匹配分支的代码被执行，所以我们将 <code>i</code> 的值加一并返回一个含有值 <code>6</code> 的新 <code>Some</code>。</p>
|
|
|
<p>接着考虑下示例 6-5 中 <code>plus_one</code> 的第二个调用，这里 <code>x</code> 是 <code>None</code>。我们进入 <code>match</code> 并与第一个分支相比较。</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-rust ignore"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> fn plus_one(x: Option<i32>) -> Option<i32> {
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> match x {
|
|
|
</span> None => None,
|
|
|
<span class="boring"> Some(i) => Some(i + 1),
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> }
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> }
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let five = Some(5);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let six = plus_one(five);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let none = plus_one(None);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>匹配成功！这里没有值来加一，所以程序结束并返回 <code>=></code> 右侧的值 <code>None</code>，因为第一个分支就匹配到了，其他的分支将不再比较。</p>
|
|
|
<p>将 <code>match</code> 与枚举相结合在很多场景中都是有用的。你会在 Rust 代码中看到很多这样的模式：<code>match</code> 一个枚举，绑定其中的值到一个变量，接着根据其值执行代码。这在一开始有点复杂，不过一旦习惯了，你会希望所有语言都拥有它！这一直是用户的最爱。</p>
|
|
|
<h3 id="匹配是穷尽的"><a class="header" href="#匹配是穷尽的">匹配是穷尽的</a></h3>
|
|
|
<p><code>match</code> 还有另一方面需要讨论：这些分支必须覆盖了所有的可能性。考虑一下 <code>plus_one</code> 函数的这个版本，它有一个 bug 并不能编译：</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-rust ignore does_not_compile"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span> fn plus_one(x: Option<i32>) -> Option<i32> {
|
|
|
match x {
|
|
|
Some(i) => Some(i + 1),
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let five = Some(5);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let six = plus_one(five);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring"> let none = plus_one(None);
|
|
|
</span><span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>我们没有处理 <code>None</code> 的情况，所以这些代码会造成一个 bug。幸运的是，这是一个 Rust 知道如何处理的 bug。如果尝试编译这段代码，会得到这个错误：</p>
|
|
|
<pre><code class="language-console">$ cargo run
|
|
|
Compiling enums v0.1.0 (file:///projects/enums)
|
|
|
error[E0004]: non-exhaustive patterns: `None` not covered
|
|
|
--> src/main.rs:3:15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 | match x {
|
|
|
| ^ pattern `None` not covered
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
note: `Option<i32>` defined here
|
|
|
--> /rustc/4eb161250e340c8f48f66e2b929ef4a5bed7c181/library/core/src/option.rs:572:1
|
|
|
::: /rustc/4eb161250e340c8f48f66e2b929ef4a5bed7c181/library/core/src/option.rs:576:5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
= note: not covered
|
|
|
= note: the matched value is of type `Option<i32>`
|
|
|
help: ensure that all possible cases are being handled by adding a match arm with a wildcard pattern or an explicit pattern as shown
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 ~ Some(i) => Some(i + 1),
|
|
|
5 ~ None => todo!(),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0004`.
|
|
|
error: could not compile `enums` (bin "enums") due to 1 previous error
|
|
|
</code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>Rust 知道我们没有覆盖所有可能的情况甚至知道哪些模式被忘记了！Rust 中的匹配是 <strong>穷尽的</strong>（<em>exhaustive</em>）：必须穷举到最后的可能性来使代码有效。特别的在这个 <code>Option<T></code> 的例子中，Rust 防止我们忘记明确的处理 <code>None</code> 的情况，这让我们免于假设拥有一个实际上为空的值，从而使之前提到的价值亿万的错误不可能发生。</p>
|
|
|
<h3 id="通配模式和-_-占位符"><a class="header" href="#通配模式和-_-占位符">通配模式和 <code>_</code> 占位符</a></h3>
|
|
|
<p>使用枚举，我们也可以针对少数几个特定值执行特殊操作，而对其他所有值采取默认操作。想象我们正在玩一个游戏，如果你掷出骰子的值为 3，角色不会移动，而是会得到一顶新奇的帽子。如果你掷出了 7，你的角色将失去一顶新奇的帽子。对于其他的数值，你的角色会在棋盘上移动相应的格子。这是一个实现了上述逻辑的 <code>match</code>，骰子的结果是硬编码而不是一个随机值，其他的逻辑部分使用了没有函数体的函数来表示，实现它们超出了本例的范围：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span> let dice_roll = 9;
|
|
|
match dice_roll {
|
|
|
3 => add_fancy_hat(),
|
|
|
7 => remove_fancy_hat(),
|
|
|
other => move_player(other),
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
fn add_fancy_hat() {}
|
|
|
fn remove_fancy_hat() {}
|
|
|
fn move_player(num_spaces: u8) {}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>对于前两个分支，匹配模式是字面值 <code>3</code> 和 <code>7</code>，最后一个分支则涵盖了所有其他可能的值，模式是我们命名为 <code>other</code> 的一个变量。<code>other</code> 分支的代码通过将其传递给 <code>move_player</code> 函数来使用这个变量。</p>
|
|
|
<p>即使我们没有列出 <code>u8</code> 所有可能的值，这段代码依然能够编译，因为最后一个模式将匹配所有未被特殊列出的值。这种通配模式满足了 <code>match</code> 必须被穷尽的要求。请注意，我们必须将通配分支放在最后，因为模式是按顺序匹配的。如果我们在通配分支后添加其他分支，Rust 将会警告我们，因为此后的分支永远不会被匹配到。</p>
|
|
|
<p>Rust 还提供了一个模式，当我们不想使用通配模式获取的值时，请使用 <code>_</code> ，这是一个特殊的模式，可以匹配任意值而不绑定到该值。这告诉 Rust 我们不会使用这个值，所以 Rust 也不会警告我们存在未使用的变量。</p>
|
|
|
<p>让我们改变游戏规则：现在，当你掷出的值不是 3 或 7 的时候，你必须再次掷出。这种情况下我们不需要使用这个值，所以我们改动代码使用 <code>_</code> 来替代变量 <code>other</code> ：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span> let dice_roll = 9;
|
|
|
match dice_roll {
|
|
|
3 => add_fancy_hat(),
|
|
|
7 => remove_fancy_hat(),
|
|
|
_ => reroll(),
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
fn add_fancy_hat() {}
|
|
|
fn remove_fancy_hat() {}
|
|
|
fn reroll() {}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>这个例子也满足穷尽性要求，因为我们在最后一个分支中显式地忽略了其它值。我们没有忘记处理任何东西。</p>
|
|
|
<p>最后，让我们再次改变游戏规则，如果你掷出 3 或 7 以外的值，你的回合将无事发生。我们可以使用单元值（在<a href="ch03-02-data-types.html#元组类型">“元组类型”</a><!-- ignore -->一节中提到的空元组）作为 <code>_</code> 分支的代码：</p>
|
|
|
<pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2024"><span class="boring">fn main() {
|
|
|
</span> let dice_roll = 9;
|
|
|
match dice_roll {
|
|
|
3 => add_fancy_hat(),
|
|
|
7 => remove_fancy_hat(),
|
|
|
_ => (),
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
fn add_fancy_hat() {}
|
|
|
fn remove_fancy_hat() {}
|
|
|
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre>
|
|
|
<p>在这里，我们明确告诉 Rust 我们不会使用与前面模式不匹配的值，并且这种情况下我们不想运行任何代码。</p>
|
|
|
<p>我们将在<a href="ch19-00-patterns.html">第十九章</a><!-- ignore -->中介绍更多关于模式和匹配的内容。现在，让我们继续讨论 <code>if let</code> 语法，这在 <code>match</code> 表达式显得有些冗长时非常有用。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</main>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|
|
<!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
|
|
|
<a rel="prev" href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M41.4 233.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L109.3 256 246.6 118.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-160 160z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a rel="next prefetch" href="ch06-03-if-let.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="clear: both"></div>
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="nav-wide-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
|
|
|
<a rel="prev" href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="Previous chapter" aria-label="Previous chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Left">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M41.4 233.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3l160 160c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L109.3 256 246.6 118.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0l-160 160z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a rel="next prefetch" href="ch06-03-if-let.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="Next chapter" aria-label="Next chapter" aria-keyshortcuts="Right">
|
|
|
<span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M278.6 233.4c12.5 12.5 12.5 32.8 0 45.3l-160 160c-12.5 12.5-32.8 12.5-45.3 0s-12.5-32.8 0-45.3L210.7 256 73.4 118.6c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.8 0-45.3s32.8-12.5 45.3 0l160 160z"/></svg></span>
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<template id=fa-eye><span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M288 32c-80.8 0-145.5 36.8-192.6 80.6C48.6 156 17.3 208 2.5 243.7c-3.3 7.9-3.3 16.7 0 24.6C17.3 304 48.6 356 95.4 399.4C142.5 443.2 207.2 480 288 480s145.5-36.8 192.6-80.6c46.8-43.5 78.1-95.4 93-131.1c3.3-7.9 3.3-16.7 0-24.6c-14.9-35.7-46.2-87.7-93-131.1C433.5 68.8 368.8 32 288 32zM432 256c0 79.5-64.5 144-144 144s-144-64.5-144-144s64.5-144 144-144s144 64.5 144 144zM288 192c0 35.3-28.7 64-64 64c-11.5 0-22.3-3-31.6-8.4c-.2 2.8-.4 5.5-.4 8.4c0 53 43 96 96 96s96-43 96-96s-43-96-96-96c-2.8 0-5.6 .1-8.4 .4c5.3 9.3 8.4 20.1 8.4 31.6z"/></svg></span></template>
|
|
|
<template id=fa-eye-slash><span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 640 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M38.8 5.1C28.4-3.1 13.3-1.2 5.1 9.2S-1.2 34.7 9.2 42.9l592 464c10.4 8.2 25.5 6.3 33.7-4.1s6.3-25.5-4.1-33.7L525.6 386.7c39.6-40.6 66.4-86.1 79.9-118.4c3.3-7.9 3.3-16.7 0-24.6c-14.9-35.7-46.2-87.7-93-131.1C465.5 68.8 400.8 32 320 32c-68.2 0-125 26.3-169.3 60.8L38.8 5.1zM223.1 149.5C248.6 126.2 282.7 112 320 112c79.5 0 144 64.5 144 144c0 24.9-6.3 48.3-17.4 68.7L408 294.5c5.2-11.8 8-24.8 8-38.5c0-53-43-96-96-96c-2.8 0-5.6 .1-8.4 .4c5.3 9.3 8.4 20.1 8.4 31.6c0 10.2-2.4 19.8-6.6 28.3l-90.3-70.8zm223.1 298L373 389.9c-16.4 6.5-34.3 10.1-53 10.1c-79.5 0-144-64.5-144-144c0-6.9 .5-13.6 1.4-20.2L83.1 161.5C60.3 191.2 44 220.8 34.5 243.7c-3.3 7.9-3.3 16.7 0 24.6c14.9 35.7 46.2 87.7 93 131.1C174.5 443.2 239.2 480 320 480c47.8 0 89.9-12.9 126.2-32.5z"/></svg></span></template>
|
|
|
<template id=fa-copy><span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M502.6 70.63l-61.25-61.25C435.4 3.371 427.2 0 418.7 0H255.1c-35.35 0-64 28.66-64 64l.0195 256C192 355.4 220.7 384 256 384h192c35.2 0 64-28.8 64-64V93.25C512 84.77 508.6 76.63 502.6 70.63zM464 320c0 8.836-7.164 16-16 16H255.1c-8.838 0-16-7.164-16-16L239.1 64.13c0-8.836 7.164-16 16-16h128L384 96c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h47.1V320zM272 448c0 8.836-7.164 16-16 16H63.1c-8.838 0-16-7.164-16-16L47.98 192.1c0-8.836 7.164-16 16-16H160V128H63.99c-35.35 0-64 28.65-64 64l.0098 256C.002 483.3 28.66 512 64 512h192c35.2 0 64-28.8 64-64v-32h-47.1L272 448z"/></svg></span></template>
|
|
|
<template id=fa-play><span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M73 39c-14.8-9.1-33.4-9.4-48.5-.9S0 62.6 0 80V432c0 17.4 9.4 33.4 24.5 41.9s33.7 8.1 48.5-.9L361 297c14.3-8.7 23-24.2 23-41s-8.7-32.2-23-41L73 39z"/></svg></span></template>
|
|
|
<template id=fa-clock-rotate-left><span class=fa-svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><!--! Font Awesome Free 6.2.0 by @fontawesome - https://fontawesome.com License - https://fontawesome.com/license/free (Icons: CC BY 4.0, Fonts: SIL OFL 1.1, Code: MIT License) Copyright 2022 Fonticons, Inc. --><path d="M75 75L41 41C25.9 25.9 0 36.6 0 57.9V168c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24H134.1c21.4 0 32.1-25.9 17-41l-30.8-30.8C155 85.5 203 64 256 64c106 0 192 86 192 192s-86 192-192 192c-40.8 0-78.6-12.7-109.7-34.4c-14.5-10.1-34.4-6.6-44.6 7.9s-6.6 34.4 7.9 44.6C151.2 495 201.7 512 256 512c141.4 0 256-114.6 256-256S397.4 0 256 0C185.3 0 121.3 28.7 75 75zm181 53c-13.3 0-24 10.7-24 24V256c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l72 72c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0s9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-65-65V152c0-13.3-10.7-24-24-24z"/></svg></span></template>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
window.playground_copyable = true;
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="elasticlunr-ef4e11c1.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
<script src="mark-09e88c2c.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
<script src="searcher-c2a407aa.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="clipboard-1626706a.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
<script src="highlight-abc7f01d.js"></script>
|
|
|
<script src="book-a0b12cfe.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Custom JS scripts -->
|
|
|
<script src="ferris-2317480c.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
</html>
|
