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<h1 id="日常开发三方库精选"><a class="header" href="#日常开发三方库精选">日常开发三方库精选</a></h1>
<p>对计算机、编程、架构的理解决定一个程序员的上限,而工具则决定了他的下限,三尺森寒利剑在手,问世间谁敢一战。</p>
<p>本文就分门别类的精心挑选了一些非常适合日常开发使用的三方库,同时针对优缺点、社区活跃等进行了评价,同一个类别的库,按照<strong>推荐度优先级降序排列</strong>,希望大家能喜欢。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>本文节选自<a href="https://cook.rs">Cook Rust</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="目录"><a class="header" href="#目录">目录</a></h2>
<ul>
<li>日常开发常用的Rust库:
<ul>
<li><a href="#webhttp">Web/HTTP</a>, <a href="#SQL%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF">SQL客户端</a>, <a href="#NoSql%E5%AE%A2%E6%88%B7%E7%AB%AF">NoSql客户端</a> <a href="#%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE">网络通信协议</a>, <a href="#%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B">异步网络编程</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0">服务发现</a>, <a href="#%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97">消息队列</a>, <a href="#%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E">搜索引擎</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E7%BC%96%E8%A7%A3%E7%A0%81">编解码</a>, <a href="#Email">Email</a>, <a href="#%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%88%99%E6%A8%A1%E7%89%88">常用正则模版</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E6%97%A5%E5%BF%97%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7">日志监控</a>, <a href="#%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81Debug">代码Debug</a>, <a href="#%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96">性能优化</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#%E7%B2%BE%E9%80%89%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99">精选中文学习资料</a></li>
<li><a href="#%E7%B2%BE%E9%80%89Rust%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE">精选Rust开源项目</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="日常开发常用rust库"><a class="header" href="#日常开发常用rust库">日常开发常用Rust库</a></h2>
<h3 id="webhttp"><a class="header" href="#webhttp">Web/HTTP</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>HTTP客户端</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/seanmonstar/reqwest">reqwest</a> 一个简单又强大的HTTP客户端<code>reqwest</code>是目前使用最多的HTTP库 </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Web框架</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum">axum</a> 基于Tokio和Hyper打造模块化设计较好目前口碑很好值得使用Ergonomic and modular web framework built with Tokio, Tower, and Hyper</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket">Rocket</a> 功能强大API简单的Web框架但是主要开发者目前因为个人原因无法进行后续开发未来存在不确定性</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actix/actix-web">actix-web</a> 性能极高的Web框架就是团队内部有些问题未来存在一定的不确定性</li>
<li>总体来说上述三个web框架都有很深的用户基础其实都可以选用如果让我推荐顺序如下: <code>axum</code> &gt; <code>Rocket</code> &gt; <code>actix-web</code>。 不过如果你不需要多么完善的web功能只需要一个性能极高的http库那么<code>actix-web</code>是非常好的选择,它的性能非常非常非常高!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="日志监控"><a class="header" href="#日志监控">日志监控</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>日志
[<a href="https://crates.io/keywords/log">crates.io</a>] [<a href="https://github.com/search?q=rust+log">github</a>]
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/tracing">tokio-rs/tracing</a> 强大的日志框架同时还支持OpenTelemetry格式无缝打通未来的监控</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/log">rust-lang/log</a> 官方日志库事实上的API标准, 但是三方库未必遵循</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/estk/log4rs">estk/log4rs</a> 模仿JAVA <code>logback</code><code>log4j</code>实现的日志库, 可配置性较强</li>
<li>在其它文章中,也许会推荐<code>slog</code>,但是我们不推荐,一个是因为近半年未更新,一个是<code>slog</code>自己也推荐使用<code>tracing</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>监控
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-rust">OpenTelemetry</a> 是现在非常火的可观测性解决方案提供了协议、API、SDK等核心工具用于收集监控数据最后将这些metrics/logs/traces数据写入到<code>prometheus</code>, <code>jaeger</code>等监控平台中。最主要是,它后台很硬,后面有各大公司作为背书,未来非常看好!</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/vectordotdev/vector">vectordotdev/vector</a> 一个性能很高的数据采集agent采集本地的日志、监控等数据发送到远程的kafka、jaeger等数据下沉端它最大的优点就是能从多种数据源(包括Opentelemetry)收集数据,然后推送到多个数据处理或者存储等下沉端。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="sql客户端"><a class="header" href="#sql客户端">SQL客户端</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>通用</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/launchbadge/sqlx">launchbadge/sqlx</a> 异步实现、高性能、纯Rust代码的SQL库支持<code>PostgreSQL</code>, <code>MySQL</code>, <code>SQLite</code>,和 <code>MSSQL</code>.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>ORM</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/rbatis/rbatis">rbatis/rbatis</a> 国内团队开发的ORM异步、性能高、简单易上手</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/diesel-rs/diesel">diesel-rs/diesel</a> 安全、扩展性强的Rust ORM库支持<code>MySQL</code><code>PostgreSQL</code><code>SQLite</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>MySQL</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/blackbeam/rust-mysql-simple">blackbeam/rust-mysql-simple</a> 纯Rust实现的MySQL驱动,提供连接池</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/blackbeam/mysql_async">blackbeam/mysql_async</a> 基于Tokio实现的异步MySQL驱动</li>
<li>上面两个都是一个团队出品前者文档更全、star更多建议使用前者</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>PostgreSQL</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sfackler/rust-postgres">sfackler/rust-postgres</a> 纯Rust实现的PostgreSQL客户端</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>SQLite</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/rusqlite/rusqlite">rusqlite</a> 用于<a href="https://www.sqlite.org/index.html">Sqlite3</a>的Rust客户端</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="nosql客户端"><a class="header" href="#nosql客户端">NoSQL客户端</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Redis</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mitsuhiko/redis-rs">mitsuhiko/redis-rs</a> 虽然最近更新不太活跃但是它依然是最好的Redis客户端说实话我期待更好的可能这也是Rust生态的未来可期之处吧</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Canssandra</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/krojew/cdrs-tokio">krojew/cdrs-tokio</a> [<a href="https://crates.io/crates/cdrs-tokio">cdrs-tokio</a>] 生产可用的Cassandra客户端异步、纯Rust实现就是个人项目 + star较少未来不确定会不会不维护</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/scylladb/scylla-rust-driver">scylla-rust-driver</a> ScyllaDB提供的官方库支持cql协议由于背靠大山未来非常可期</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>MongoDB</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-rust-driver">mongodb/mongo-rust-driver</a> 官方MongoDB客户端闭着眼睛选就对了</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="分布式"><a class="header" href="#分布式">分布式</a></h3>
<h4 id="服务发现"><a class="header" href="#服务发现">服务发现</a></h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/luncj/etcd-rs">luncj/etcd-rs</a> 异步实现的Rust etcd客户端优点是有一定的文档、作者较为活跃,意味着你提问题他可能会回答不过如果你不放心还是考虑使用HTTP的方式访问etcd</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="消息队列"><a class="header" href="#消息队列">消息队列</a></h4>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Kafka</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/fede1024/rust-rdkafka">fede1024/rust-rdkafka</a> Rust Kafka客户端基于C版本的Kafka库[librdkafka]实现,文档较全、功能较为全面</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/kafka-rust/kafka-rust">kafka-rust/kafka-rust</a> 相比上一个库它算是纯Rust实现文档还行支持Kafka0.8.2及以后的版本但是对于部分0.9版本的特性还不支持。同时有一个问题:最初的作者不维护了,转给了现在的作者,但是感觉好像也不是很活跃</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Nats</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/nats-io/nats.rs">nats-io/nats.rs</a> Nats官方提供的客户端</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="网络通信协议"><a class="header" href="#网络通信协议">网络、通信协议</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>WebSocket</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/snapview/tokio-tungstenite">snapview/tokio-tungstenite</a> 更适合Web应用使用的生产级Websocket库它是异步非阻塞的基于下面的<code>tungstenite-rs</code>库和tokio实现</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/websockets-rs/rust-websocket">rust-websocket</a> 老牌Websocket库提供了客户端和服务器端实现但是。。。很久没更新了</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/snapview/tungstenite-rs">snapview/tungstenite-rs</a> 轻量级的Websocket流实现该库更偏底层例如你可以用来构建其它网络库</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>gRPC</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/hyperium/tonic">hyperium/tonic</a> 纯Rust实现的gRPC客户端和服务器端支持async/await异步调用文档和示例较为清晰</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tikv/grpc-rs">tikv/grpc-rs</a> 国产开源之光Tidb团队出品的gRPC框架, 基于C的代码实现, 就是最近好像不是很活跃</li>
<li>其实这两个实现都很优秀,把<code>tonic</code>放在第一位主要是因为它是纯Rust实现同时社区也更为活跃但是并不代表它比<code>tikv</code>的更好!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>QUIC</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/cloudflare/quiche">cloudflare/quiche</a> 大名鼎鼎<code>cloudflare</code>提供的QUIC实现据说在公司内部重度使用有了大规模生产级别的验证非常值得信任同时该库还实现了HTTP/3</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/quinn-rs/quinn">quinn-rs/quinn</a> 提供异步API调用纯Rust实现同时提供了几个有用的网络库</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>MQTT</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/bytebeamio/rumqtt">bytebeamio/rumqtt</a> MQTT3.1.1/5协议库同时实现了客户端与服务器端broker</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ntex-rs/ntex-mqtt">ntex-rs/ntex-mqtt</a> 客户端与服务端框架支持MQTT3.1.1与5协议</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.rust">eclipse/paho.mqtt.rust</a> 老牌MQTT框架对MQTT支持较全, 其它各语言的实现也有</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="异步网络编程"><a class="header" href="#异步网络编程">异步网络编程</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio">tokio-rs/tokio</a> 最火的异步网络库除了复杂上手难度高一些外没有其它大的问题。同时tokio团队提供了多个非常优秀的Rust库整个生态欣欣向荣用户认可度很高</li>
<li><a href="https://async.rs/">async-std</a> 跟标准库API很像的异步网络库相对简单易用但是貌似开发有些停滞还有就是功能上不够完善。但是对于普通用户来说这个库非常值得一试它在功能和简单易用上取得了很好的平衡</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actix/actix">actix</a> 基于Actor模型的异步网络库但这个库的开发貌似已经停滞他们团队一直在专注于<code>actix-web</code>的开发</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio">mio</a> 严格来说MIO与之前三个不是同一个用途的MIO = Meta IO是一个底层IO库往往用于构建其它网络库当然如果你对应用网络性能有非常极限的要求可以考虑它因为它的层次比较低所带来的抽象负担小所以性能损耗小</li>
<li>如果你要开发生产级别的项目,我推荐使用<code>tokio</code>,稳定可靠,功能丰富,控制粒度细;自己的学习项目或者没有那么严肃的开源项目,我推荐<code>async-std</code>简单好用值得学习当你确切知道需要Actor网络模型时就用<code>actix</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="搜索引擎"><a class="header" href="#搜索引擎">搜索引擎</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>ElasticSearch客户端</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-rs">elastic/elasticsearch</a> 官方es客户端目前第三方的基本都处于停滞状态所以不管好坏用呗</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Rust搜索引擎</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/quickwit-inc/tantivy">Tantivy</a> Tantivy是Rust实现的本地搜索库功能对标<code>lucene</code>如果你不需要分布式那么引入tantivy作为自己本地Rust服务的一个搜索是相当不错的选择该库作者一直很活跃而且最近还创立了搜索引擎公司感觉大有作为。该库的优点在于纯Rust实现性能高(lucene的2-3倍),资源占用低(对比java自然不是一个数量级),社区活跃。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Rust搜索平台</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/quickwit-inc/quickwit">quickwit</a> 对标ElasticSearch一个通用目的的分布式搜索平台目前还在起步阶段(0.2版本),未来非常可期,目前还不建议使用</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/meilisearch/MeiliSearch">MeiliSearch</a> 虽然也是一个搜索平台,但是并不是通用目的的,<code>MeiliSearch</code>目标是为终端用户提供边输入边提示的即刻搜索功能因此是一个轻量级搜索平台不适用于数据量大时的搜索目的。总之如果你需要在网页端或者APP为用户提供一个搜索条然后支持输入容错、前缀搜索时就可以使用它。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="代码debug"><a class="header" href="#代码debug">代码Debug</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p>GDB</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/cs01/gdbgui">gdbgui</a> 提供浏览器支持的gdb debug工具支持CC++Rust和Go.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>LLDB</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=vadimcn.vscode-lldb">CodeLLDB</a> 专门为VSCode设计的LLDB Debug扩展</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="性能优化"><a class="header" href="#性能优化">性能优化</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/bheisler/criterion.rs">bheisler/criterion.rs</a> 比官方提供的benchmark库更好目前已经成为事实上标准的性能测试工具</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/koute/bytehound">Bytehound</a> Linux下的内存分析工具可以用来分析内存泄漏、内存分配、调用栈追踪甚至它还有一个浏览器UI懂的人都懂性能测试工具的UI服务是多么稀缺和珍贵</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/llogiq/flame">llogiq/flame</a> 专为Rust打造的火焰图分析工具可以告诉你程序在哪些代码上花费的时间过多非常适合用于代码性能瓶颈的分析。与<code>perf</code>不同,<code>flame</code>库允许你自己定义想要测试的代码片段,只需要在代码前后加上相应的指令即可,非常好用</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine">sharkdp/hyperfine</a> 一个命令行benchmark工具支持任意shell命令支持缓存清除、预热、多次运行统计分析等尽量保证结果的准确性</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="编解码"><a class="header" href="#编解码">编解码</a></h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde">Serde</a> 一个超高性能的通用序列化/反序列化框架,可以跟多种协议的库联合使用,实现统一编解码格式</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>CSV</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/BurntSushi/rust-csv">BurntSushi/rust-csv</a> 高性能CSV读写库支持<a href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde">Serde</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>JSON</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/serde-rs/json">serde-rs/json</a> 快到上天的JSON库也是Rust事实上的标准JSON库你也可以使用它的大哥<a href="https://github.com/serde-rs/serde">Serde</a>,一个更通用的序列化/反序列化库</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>MsgPack</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/3Hren/msgpack-rust">3Hren/msgpack-rust</a> 纯Rust实现的MessagePack编解码协议</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Protocol Buffers</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost">tokio-rs/prost</a> tokio出品基本都属精品此库也不例外简单易用文档详细</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/stepancheg/rust-protobuf">stepancheg/rust-protobuf</a> 纯Rust实现</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>TOML</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/alexcrichton/toml-rs">alexcrichton/toml-rs</a> TOML编码/解码,可以配合<code>serde</code>使用</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>XML</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/tafia/quick-xml">tafia/quick-xml</a> 高性能XML库可以配合<code>serde</code>使用,文档较为详细</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>YAML</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/dtolnay/serde-yaml">dtolnay/serde-yaml</a> 使用<code>serde</code>编解码<code>YAML</code>格式的数据</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="email"><a class="header" href="#email">Email</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/lettre/lettre">lettre/lettre</a> — Rust SMTP库</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="常用正则模版"><a class="header" href="#常用正则模版">常用正则模版</a></h3>
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