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# 通过config.toml对Cargo进行配置
Cargo 相关的配置有两种,第一种是对自身进行配置,第二种是对指定的项目进行配置,关于后者请查看 [Cargo.toml清单](https://course.rs/cargo/reference/manifest.html)。对于普通用户而言第二种才是我们最常使用的。
本文讲述的是如何对 Cargo 相关的工具进行配置,该配置中的部分内容可能会覆盖掉 `Cargo.toml` 中对应的部分,例如关于 `profile` 的内容。
## 层级结构
在前面我们已经见识过如何为 Cargo 进行全局配置:`$HOME/.cargo/config.toml`,事实上,还支持在一个 `package` 内对它进行配置。
总体原则是:`Cargo` 会顺着当前目录往上查找,直到找到目标配置文件。例如我们在目录 `/projects/foo/bar/baz` 下调用 Cargo 命令,那查找路径如下所示:
- `/projects/foo/bar/baz/.cargo/config.toml`
- `/projects/foo/bar/.cargo/config.toml`
- `/projects/foo/.cargo/config.toml`
- `/projects/.cargo/config.toml`
- `/.cargo/config.toml`
- `$CARGO_HOME/config.toml` 默认是 :
- Windows: `%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\config.toml`
- Unix: `$HOME/.cargo/config.toml`
有了这种机制,我们既可以在全局中设置默认的配置,又可以每个包都设定独立的配置,甚至还能做版本控制。
如果一个 `key` 在多个配置中出现,那这些 `key` 只会保留一个:最靠近 Cargo 执行目录的配置文件中的 key 的值将被最终使用(因此, $HOME 下的都是最低优先级)。**需要注意的是,如果 `key` 的值是数组,那相应的值将被合并( join )**。
对于工作空间而言,`Cargo` 的搜索策略是从 root 开始,对于内部成员中包含的 `.cargo.toml` 会自动忽略。例如一个工作空间拥有两个成员,每个成员都有配置文件: `/projects/foo/bar/baz/mylib/.cargo/config.toml``/projects/foo/bar/baz/mybin/.cargo/config.toml`,但是 `Cargo` 并不会读取它们而是从工作空间的根( `/projects/foo/bar/baz/` )开始往上查找。
> 注意Cargo 还支持没有 `.toml` 后缀的 `.cargo/config` 文件。对于 `.toml` 的支持是从 Rust 1.39 版本开始,同时也是目前最推荐的方式。**但若同时存在有后缀和无后缀的文件Cargo 将使用无后缀的!**
## 配置文件概览
下面是一个完整的配置文件,并对**常用的选项**进行了翻译,大家可以参考下:
```toml
paths = ["/path/to/override"] # 覆盖 `Cargo.toml` 中通过 path 引入的本地依赖
[alias] # 命令别名
b = "build"
c = "check"
t = "test"
r = "run"
rr = "run --release"
space_example = ["run", "--release", "--", "\"command list\""]
[build]
jobs = 1 # 并行构建任务的数量,默认等于 CPU 的核心数
rustc = "rustc" # rust 编译器
rustc-wrapper = "…" # 使用该 wrapper 来替代 rustc
rustc-workspace-wrapper = "…" # 为工作空间的成员使用 该 wrapper 来替代 rustc
rustdoc = "rustdoc" # 文档生成工具
target = "triple" # 为 target triple 构建 ( `cargo install` 会忽略该选项)
target-dir = "target" # 存放编译输出结果的目录
rustflags = ["…", "…"] # 自定义flags会传递给所有的编译器命令调用
rustdocflags = ["…", "…"] # 自定义flags传递给 rustdoc
incremental = true # 是否开启增量编译
dep-info-basedir = "…" # path for the base directory for targets in depfiles
pipelining = true # rustc pipelining
[doc]
browser = "chromium" # `cargo doc --open` 使用的浏览器,
# 可以通过 `BROWSER` 环境变量进行重写
[env]
# Set ENV_VAR_NAME=value for any process run by Cargo
ENV_VAR_NAME = "value"
# Set even if already present in environment
ENV_VAR_NAME_2 = { value = "value", force = true }
# Value is relative to .cargo directory containing `config.toml`, make absolute
ENV_VAR_NAME_3 = { value = "relative/path", relative = true }
[cargo-new]
vcs = "none" # 所使用的 VCS ('git', 'hg', 'pijul', 'fossil', 'none')
[http]
debug = false # HTTP debugging
proxy = "host:port" # HTTP 代理libcurl 格式
ssl-version = "tlsv1.3" # TLS version to use
ssl-version.max = "tlsv1.3" # 最高支持的 TLS 版本
ssl-version.min = "tlsv1.1" # 最小支持的 TLS 版本
timeout = 30 # HTTP 请求的超时时间,秒
low-speed-limit = 10 # 网络超时阈值 (bytes/sec)
cainfo = "cert.pem" # path to Certificate Authority (CA) bundle
check-revoke = true # check for SSL certificate revocation
multiplexing = true # HTTP/2 multiplexing
user-agent = "…" # the user-agent header
[install]
root = "/some/path" # `cargo install` 安装到的目标目录
[net]
retry = 2 # 网络重试次数
git-fetch-with-cli = true # 是否使用 `git` 命令来执行 git 操作
offline = true # 不能访问网络
[patch.<registry>]
# Same keys as for [patch] in Cargo.toml
[profile.<name>] # profile 配置,详情见"如何在 Cargo.toml 中配置 profile" : https://course.rs/cargo/reference/profiles.html#profile设置
opt-level = 0
debug = true
split-debuginfo = '...'
debug-assertions = true
overflow-checks = true
lto = false
panic = 'unwind'
incremental = true
codegen-units = 16
rpath = false
[profile.<name>.build-override]
[profile.<name>.package.<name>]
[registries.<name>] # registries other than crates.io
index = "…" # URL of the registry index
token = "…" # authentication token for the registry
[registry]
default = "…" # name of the default registry
token = "…" # authentication token for crates.io
[source.<name>] # source definition and replacement
replace-with = "…" # replace this source with the given named source
directory = "…" # path to a directory source
registry = "…" # URL to a registry source
local-registry = "…" # path to a local registry source
git = "…" # URL of a git repository source
branch = "…" # branch name for the git repository
tag = "…" # tag name for the git repository
rev = "…" # revision for the git repository
[target.<triple>]
linker = "…" # linker to use
runner = "…" # wrapper to run executables
rustflags = ["…", "…"] # custom flags for `rustc`
[target.<cfg>]
runner = "…" # wrapper to run executables
rustflags = ["…", "…"] # custom flags for `rustc`
[target.<triple>.<links>] # `links` build script override
rustc-link-lib = ["foo"]
rustc-link-search = ["/path/to/foo"]
rustc-flags = ["-L", "/some/path"]
rustc-cfg = ['key="value"']
rustc-env = {key = "value"}
rustc-cdylib-link-arg = ["…"]
metadata_key1 = "value"
metadata_key2 = "value"
[term]
verbose = false # whether cargo provides verbose output
color = 'auto' # whether cargo colorizes output
progress.when = 'auto' # whether cargo shows progress bar
progress.width = 80 # width of progress bar
```