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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../about-book.html">关于本书</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../into-rust.html">进入 Rust 编程世界</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../first-try/sth-you-should-not-do.html">避免从入门到放弃</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../community.html">社区和锈书</a></li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../some-thoughts.html">Xobserve: 一切皆可观测</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><a href="../../beat-ai.html">BeatAI: 工程师 AI 入门圣经</a></li><li class="chapter-item affix "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言基础学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 寻找牛刀,以便小试</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/installation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装 Rust 环境</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/editor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> 墙推 VSCode!</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> 认识 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> 不仅仅是 Hello world</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../first-try/slowly-downloading.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> 下载依赖太慢了?</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Rust 基础入门</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> 变量绑定与解构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> 基本类型</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/numbers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.1.</strong> 数值类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/char-bool.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.2.</strong> 字符、布尔、单元类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/statement-expression.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.3.</strong> 语句与表达式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/base-type/function.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.4.</strong> 函数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> 所有权和借用</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.1.</strong> 所有权</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/ownership/borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> 复合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/string-slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.1.</strong> 字符串与切片</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/tuple.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.2.</strong> 元组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.3.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.4.</strong> 枚举</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/compound-type/array.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.5.</strong> 数组</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/flow-control.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> 流程控制</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/match-pattern/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> 模式匹配</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/match-pattern/match-if-let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.1.</strong> match 和 if let</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/match-pattern/option.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.2.</strong> 解构 Option</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/match-pattern/pattern-match.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.3.</strong> 模式适用场景</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/match-pattern/all-patterns.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.4.</strong> 全模式列表</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/method.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> 方法 Method</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/trait/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> 泛型和特征</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/trait/generic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.1.</strong> 泛型 Generics</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/trait/trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.2.</strong> 特征 Trait</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/trait/trait-object.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.3.</strong> 特征对象</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/trait/advance-trait.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.4.</strong> 进一步深入特征</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/collections/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.9.</strong> 集合类型</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/collections/vector.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.9.1.</strong> 动态数组 Vector</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/collections/hashmap.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.9.2.</strong> KV 存储 HashMap</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/lifetime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.10.</strong> 认识生命周期</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/result-error/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.11.</strong> 返回值和错误处理</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/result-error/panic.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.11.1.</strong> panic! 深入剖析</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/result-error/result.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.11.2.</strong> 返回值 Result 和?</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/crate-module/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.12.</strong> 包和模块</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/crate-module/crate.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.12.1.</strong> 包 Crate</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/crate-module/module.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.12.2.</strong> 模块 Module</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/crate-module/use.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.12.3.</strong> 使用 use 引入模块及受限可见性</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/comment.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.13.</strong> 注释和文档</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic/formatted-output.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.14.</strong> 格式化输出</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic-practice/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 入门实战:文件搜索工具</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic-practice/base-features.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 基本功能</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic-practice/refactoring.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 增加模块化和错误处理</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic-practice/tests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 测试驱动开发</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic-practice/envs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 使用环境变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic-practice/stderr.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 重定向错误信息的输出</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../basic-practice/iterators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.6.</strong> 使用迭代器来改进程序(可选)</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><li class="part-title">Rust 语言进阶学习</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Rust 高级进阶</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/lifetime/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 生命周期</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/lifetime/advance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.1.</strong> 深入生命周期</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/lifetime/static.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.2.</strong> &'static 和 T: 'static</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/functional-programing/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> 函数式编程: 闭包、迭代器</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/functional-programing/closure.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.1.</strong> 闭包 Closure</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/functional-programing/iterator.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.2.</strong> 迭代器 Iterator</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/into-types/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> 深入类型</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/into-types/converse.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.1.</strong> 类型转换</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/into-types/custom-type.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.2.</strong> newtype 和 类型别名</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/into-types/sized.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.3.</strong> Sized 和不定长类型 DST</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/into-types/enum-int.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.4.</strong> 枚举和整数</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/smart-pointer/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.</strong> 智能指针</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/smart-pointer/box.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.1.</strong> Box堆对象分配</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/smart-pointer/deref.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.2.</strong> Deref 解引用</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/smart-pointer/drop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.3.</strong> Drop 释放资源</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/smart-pointer/rc-arc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.4.</strong> Rc 与 Arc 实现 1vN 所有权机制</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/smart-pointer/cell-refcell.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.4.5.</strong> Cell 与 RefCell 内部可变性</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/circle-self-ref/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.</strong> 循环引用与自引用</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/circle-self-ref/circle-reference.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.1.</strong> Weak 与循环引用</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/circle-self-ref/self-referential.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.5.2.</strong> 结构体中的自引用</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/concurrency-with-threads/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.</strong> 多线程并发编程</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/concurrency-with-threads/concurrency-parallelism.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.1.</strong> 并发和并行</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/concurrency-with-threads/thread.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.2.</strong> 使用多线程</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/concurrency-with-threads/message-passing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.3.</strong> 线程同步:消息传递</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/concurrency-with-threads/sync1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.4.</strong> 线程同步锁、Condvar 和信号量</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/concurrency-with-threads/sync2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.5.</strong> 线程同步Atomic 原子操作与内存顺序</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/concurrency-with-threads/send-sync.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.6.6.</strong> 基于 Send 和 Sync 的线程安全</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/global-variable.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.7.</strong> 全局变量</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/errors.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.8.</strong> 错误处理</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/unsafe/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.9.</strong> Unsafe Rust</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/unsafe/superpowers.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.9.1.</strong> 五种兵器</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/unsafe/inline-asm.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.9.2.</strong> 内联汇编</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/macro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.10.</strong> Macro 宏编程</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.</strong> async/await 异步编程</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/getting-started.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.1.</strong> async 编程入门</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/future-excuting.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.2.</strong> 底层探秘: Future 执行与任务调度</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/pin-unpin.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.3.</strong> 定海神针 Pin 和 Unpin</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/async-await.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.4.</strong> async/await 和 Stream 流处理</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/multi-futures-simultaneous.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.5.</strong> 同时运行多个 Future</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/pain-points-and-workarounds.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.6.</strong> 一些疑难问题的解决办法</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/async/web-server.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.11.7.</strong> 实践应用Async Web 服务器</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice1/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 进阶实战1: 实现一个 web 服务器</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice1/web-server.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 单线程版本</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice1/multi-threads.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 多线程版本</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice1/graceful-shutdown.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 优雅关闭和资源清理</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> 进阶实战2: 实现一个简单 Redis</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/overview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> tokio 概览</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/getting-startted.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> 使用初印象</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/spawning.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> 创建异步任务</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/shared-state.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.4.</strong> 共享状态</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/channels.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.5.</strong> 消息传递</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/io.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.6.</strong> I/O</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/frame.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.7.</strong> 解析数据帧</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/async.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.8.</strong> 深入 async</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/select.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.9.</strong> select</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/stream.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.10.</strong> 类似迭代器的 Stream</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/graceful-shutdown.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.11.</strong> 优雅的关闭</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance-practice/bridging-with-sync.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.12.</strong> 异步跟同步共存</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../difficulties/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> Rust 难点攻关</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../difficulties/slice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> 切片和切片引用</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../difficulties/eq.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.2.</strong> Eq 和 PartialEq</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../difficulties/string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.3.</strong> String、&str 和 str TODO</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../difficulties/lifetime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.4.</strong> 作用域、生命周期和 NLL TODO</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../difficulties/move-copy.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.5.</strong> move、Copy 和 Clone TODO</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../advance/difficulties/pointer.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.6.</strong> 裸指针、引用和智能指针 TODO</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><li class="part-title">常用工具链</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../test/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.</strong> 自动化测试</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../test/write-tests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.1.</strong> 编写测试及控制执行</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../test/unit-integration-test.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.2.</strong> 单元测试和集成测试</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../test/assertion.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.3.</strong> 断言 assertion</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../test/ci.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.4.</strong> 用 GitHub Actions 进行持续集成</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../test/benchmark.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">8.5.</strong> 基准测试 benchmark</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.</strong> Cargo 使用指南</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/getting-started.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.1.</strong> 上手使用</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.</strong> 基础指南</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/why-exist.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.1.</strong> 为何会有 Cargo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/download-package.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.2.</strong> 下载并构建 Package</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/dependencies.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.3.</strong> 添加依赖</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/package-layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.4.</strong> Package 目录结构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/cargo-toml-lock.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.5.</strong> Cargo.toml vs Cargo.lock</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/tests-ci.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.6.</strong> 测试和 CI</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/cargo-cache.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.7.</strong> Cargo 缓存</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/guide/build-cache.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.2.8.</strong> Build 缓存</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.</strong> 进阶指南</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/specify-deps.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.1.</strong> 指定依赖项</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/deps-overriding.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.2.</strong> 依赖覆盖</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/manifest.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.3.</strong> Cargo.toml 清单详解</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/cargo-target.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.4.</strong> Cargo Target</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/workspaces.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.5.</strong> 工作空间 Workspace</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/features/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.6.</strong> 条件编译 Features</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/features/examples.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.6.1.</strong> Features 示例</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/profiles.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.7.</strong> 发布配置 Profile</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/configuration.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.8.</strong> 通过 config.toml 对 Cargo 进行配置</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/publishing-on-crates.io.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.9.</strong> 发布到 crates.io</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/build-script/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.10.</strong> 构建脚本 build.rs</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../cargo/reference/build-script/examples.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">9.3.10.1.</strong> 构建脚本示例</a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><li class="part-title">开发实践</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../usecases/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.</strong> 企业落地实践</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../usecases/aws-rust.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">10.1.</strong> AWS 为何这么喜欢 Rust?</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.</strong> 日志和监控</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/about-log.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.1.</strong> 日志详解</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/log.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.2.</strong> 日志门面 log</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/tracing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.3.</strong> 使用 tracing 记录日志</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/tracing-logger.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.4.</strong> 自定义 tracing 的输出格式</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/observe/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.</strong> 监控</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/observe/about-observe.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.1.</strong> 可观测性</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../logs/observe/trace.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">11.5.2.</strong> 分布式追踪</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../practice/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.</strong> Rust 最佳实践</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../practice/third-party-libs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.1.</strong> 日常开发三方库精选</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../practice/naming.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.2.</strong> 命名规范</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../practice/interview.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.3.</strong> 面试经验</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../practice/best-pratice.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">12.4.</strong> 代码开发实践 todo</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../too-many-lists/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.</strong> 手把手带你实现链表</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/do-we-need-it.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.1.</strong> 我们到底需不需要链表</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/bad-stack/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.</strong> 不太优秀的单向链表:栈</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/bad-stack/layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.1.</strong> 数据布局</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/bad-stack/basic-operations.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.2.</strong> 基本操作</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/bad-stack/final-code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.2.3.</strong> 最后实现</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/ok-stack/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.</strong> 还可以的单向链表</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/ok-stack/type-optimizing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.1.</strong> 优化类型定义</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/ok-stack/peek.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.2.</strong> 定义 Peek 函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/ok-stack/iter.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.3.</strong> IntoIter 和 Iter</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/ok-stack/itermut.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.3.4.</strong> IterMut 以及完整代码</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/persistent-stack/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.</strong> 持久化单向链表</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/persistent-stack/layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.1.</strong> 数据布局和基本操作</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/persistent-stack/drop-arc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.4.2.</strong> Drop、Arc 及完整代码</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/deque/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.</strong> 不咋样的双端队列</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/deque/layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.1.</strong> 数据布局和基本操作</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/deque/peek.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.2.</strong> Peek</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/deque/symmetric.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.3.</strong> 基本操作的对称镜像</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/deque/iterator.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.4.</strong> 迭代器</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/deque/final-code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.5.5.</strong> 最终代码</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.</strong> 不错的 unsafe 队列</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.1.</strong> 数据布局</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.2.</strong> 基本操作</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/miri.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.3.</strong> Miri</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/stacked-borrow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.4.</strong> 栈借用</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/testing-stacked-borrow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.5.</strong> 测试栈借用</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/layout2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.6.</strong> 数据布局 2</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/extra-junk.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.7.</strong> 额外的操作</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/unsafe-queue/final-code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.6.8.</strong> 最终代码</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.</strong> 生产级的双向 unsafe 队列</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.1.</strong> 数据布局</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/variance-and-phantomData.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.2.</strong> 型变与子类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/basics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.3.</strong> 基础结构</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/drop-and-panic-safety.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.4.</strong> 恐慌与安全</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/boring-combinatorics.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.5.</strong> 无聊的组合</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/filling-in-random-bits.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.6.</strong> 其它特征</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/testing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.7.</strong> 测试</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/send-sync-and-compile-tests.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.8.</strong> Send,Sync和编译测试</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/implementing-cursors.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.9.</strong> 实现游标</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/testing-cursors.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.10.</strong> 测试游标</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/production-unsafe-deque/final-code.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.7.11.</strong> 最终代码</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/advanced-lists/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.8.</strong> 使用高级技巧实现链表</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/advanced-lists/double-singly.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.8.1.</strong> 双单向链表</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../too-many-lists/advanced-lists/stack-allocated.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">13.8.2.</strong> 栈上的链表</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><li class="part-title">攻克编译错误</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.</strong> 征服编译错误</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.</strong> 对抗编译检查</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/lifetime/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.1.</strong> 生命周期</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/lifetime/too-long1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.1.1.</strong> 生命周期过大-01</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/lifetime/too-long2.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.1.2.</strong> 生命周期过大-02</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/lifetime/loop.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.1.3.</strong> 循环中的生命周期</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/lifetime/closure-with-static.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.1.4.</strong> 闭包碰到特征对象-01</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/borrowing/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.2.</strong> 重复借用</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/borrowing/ref-exist-in-out-fn.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.2.1.</strong> 同时在函数内外使用引用</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/borrowing/borrow-distinct-fields-of-struct.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.2.2.</strong> 智能指针引起的重复借用错误</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/unconstrained.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.3.</strong> 类型未限制(todo)</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/fight-with-compiler/phantom-data.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.1.4.</strong> 幽灵数据(todo)</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.</strong> Rust 常见陷阱</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/use-vec-in-for.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.1.</strong> for 循环中使用外部数组</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/stack-overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.2.</strong> 线程类型导致的栈溢出</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/arithmetic-overflow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.3.</strong> 算术溢出导致的 panic</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/closure-with-lifetime.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.4.</strong> 闭包中奇怪的生命周期</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/the-disabled-mutability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.5.</strong> 可变变量不可变?</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/multiple-mutable-references.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.6.</strong> 可变借用失败引发的深入思考</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/lazy-iterators.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.7.</strong> 不太勤快的迭代器</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/weird-ranges.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.8.</strong> 奇怪的序列 x..y</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/iterator-everywhere.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.9.</strong> 无处不在的迭代器</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/main-with-channel-blocked.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.10.</strong> 线程间传递消息导致主线程无法结束</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../compiler/pitfalls/utf8-performance.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">14.2.11.</strong> 警惕 UTF-8 引发的性能隐患</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><li class="part-title">性能优化</li><li class="spacer"></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.</strong> Rust 性能优化 todo</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/memory/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.</strong> 深入内存 todo</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/memory/pointer-ref.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.1.</strong> 指针和引用 todo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/memory/uninit.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.2.</strong> 未初始化内存 todo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/memory/allocation.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.3.</strong> 内存分配 todo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/memory/layout.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.4.</strong> 内存布局 todo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/memory/virtual.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.1.5.</strong> 虚拟内存 todo</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/performance/intro.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.</strong> 性能调优 doing</a><a class="toggle"><div></div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/performance/string.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.1.</strong> 字符串操作性能</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/performance/deep-into-move.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.2.</strong> 深入理解 move</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/performance/early-optimise.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.3.</strong> 糟糕的提前优化 todo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/performance/clone-copy.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.4.</strong> Clone 和 Copy todo</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/performance/runtime-check.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">15.2.5.</strong> 减少 Runtime check(todo)</a></li><li class="chapter-item "><a href="../../profiling/performance/cpu-cache.html"><strong 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<h1 id="implementing-cursors"><a class="header" href="#implementing-cursors">Implementing Cursors</a></h1>
<p>好了,我们现在讨论 CursorMut。就像我最初的设计一样它有一个包含 None 的 &quot;幽灵 &quot;元素,用来指示列表的开始/结束,你可以 &quot;跨过它&quot;,绕到列表的另一边。要实现它,我们需要</p>
<ul>
<li>指向当前节点的指针</li>
<li>指向列表的指针</li>
<li>当前索引</li>
</ul>
<p>等等,当我们指向 &quot;幽灵 &quot;时,索引是多少?</p>
<p>好吧,游标 (cursors)上的索引返回一个 <code>Option&lt;usize&gt;</code>这很合理。Std 的实现做了一堆垃圾来避免将其存储为一个 Option但是...... 我们是一个链接列表这很好。此外std 还有 cursor_front/cursor_back 功能,它可以在前/后元素上启动光标,感觉很直观,但当列表为空时,又要做一些奇怪的事情。</p>
<p>如果你愿意,也可以实现这些东西,但我打算减少所有重复的垃圾和角落情况,只做一个从 ghost 处开始的 cursor_mut 方法,人们可以使用 move_next/move_prev 来获取他们想要的元素(如果你真的愿意,也可以将其封装为 cursor_front</p>
<p>让我们开始吧:</p>
<p>非常简单直接,上面的需求列表每一项都有一个字段!</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>pub struct CursorMut&lt;'a, T&gt; {
cur: Link&lt;T&gt;,
list: &amp;'a mut LinkedList&lt;T&gt;,
index: Option&lt;usize&gt;,
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>现在是<code>cursor_mut</code> 方法:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>impl&lt;T&gt; LinkedList&lt;T&gt; {
pub fn cursor_mut(&amp;mut self) -&gt; CursorMut&lt;T&gt; {
CursorMut {
list: self,
cur: None,
index: None,
}
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>既然我们从幽灵节点开始,我们所以开始节点都是 <code>None</code>,简单明了!下一个是 <code>move_next</code></p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>impl&lt;'a, T&gt; CursorMut&lt;'a, T&gt; {
pub fn index(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;usize&gt; {
self.index
}
pub fn move_next(&amp;mut self) {
if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
unsafe {
// We're on a real element, go to its next (back)
self.cur = (*cur.as_ptr()).back;
if self.cur.is_some() {
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += 1;
} else {
// We just walked to the ghost, no more index
self.index = None;
}
}
} else if !self.list.is_empty() {
// We're at the ghost, and there is a real front, so move to it!
self.cur = self.list.front;
self.index = Some(0)
} else {
// We're at the ghost, but that's the only element... do nothing.
}
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>所以这有4种有趣的情况</p>
<ul>
<li>正常情况</li>
<li>正常情况,但我们移动到了幽灵节点</li>
<li>幽灵节点开始,向列表头部节点移动</li>
<li>幽灵节点开始,列表是空的,所以什么都不做</li>
</ul>
<p><code>move_prev</code> 的逻辑完全相同,但前后颠倒,索引变化也颠倒:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>pub fn move_prev(&amp;mut self) {
if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
unsafe {
// We're on a real element, go to its previous (front)
self.cur = (*cur.as_ptr()).front;
if self.cur.is_some() {
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() -= 1;
} else {
// We just walked to the ghost, no more index
self.index = None;
}
}
} else if !self.list.is_empty() {
// We're at the ghost, and there is a real back, so move to it!
self.cur = self.list.back;
self.index = Some(self.list.len - 1)
} else {
// We're at the ghost, but that's the only element... do nothing.
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>接下来,让我们添加一些方法来查看游标周围的元素:<code>current</code><code>peek_next</code><code>peek_prev</code><strong>一个非常重要的注意事项</strong>:这些方法必须通过 <code>&amp;mut self</code> 借用我们的游标,并且结果必须与借用绑定。我们不能让用户获得可变引用的多个副本,也不能让他们在持有该引用的情况下使用我们的 insert/remove/split/splice API</p>
<p>值得庆幸的是,这是 rust 在使用生命周期省略规则时的默认设置,因此我们将默认做正确的事情!</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>pub fn current(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;mut T&gt; {
unsafe {
self.cur.map(|node| &amp;mut (*node.as_ptr()).elem)
}
}
pub fn peek_next(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;mut T&gt; {
unsafe {
self.cur
.and_then(|node| (*node.as_ptr()).back)
.map(|node| &amp;mut (*node.as_ptr()).elem)
}
}
pub fn peek_prev(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;mut T&gt; {
unsafe {
self.cur
.and_then(|node| (*node.as_ptr()).front)
.map(|node| &amp;mut (*node.as_ptr()).elem)
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<h1 id="split"><a class="header" href="#split"><a href="https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/sixth-cursors-impl.html#split">Split</a></a></h1>
<p>首先是 split_before 和 split_after它们会将当前元素之前/之后的所有内容以 LinkedList 的形式返回(在幽灵元素处停止,在这种情况下,我们只返回整个 List光标现在指向一个空 list</p>
<p>这个逻辑其实并不复杂,所以我们得一步一步来。</p>
<p>我发现 split_before 有四种潜在的情况:</p>
<ul>
<li>正常情况</li>
<li>正常情况,但 prev 是幽灵节点</li>
<li>幽灵节点情况,我们返回整个列表,然后变成空列表</li>
<li>幽灵节点情况,但列表是空的,所以什么也不做,返回空列表</li>
</ul>
<p>让我们先从极端情况开始。我认为第三种情况</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>mem::replace(self.list, LinkedList::new())
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>对不对?我们是空的了,并返回了整个列表,而我们的字段都应该是 &quot;None&quot;,所以没什么可更新的。不错。哦,嘿嘿,这在第四种情况下也对!</p>
<p>现在是普通情况......,我需要画下图。最常见的情况是这样的</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;-&gt; D &lt;- list.back
^
cur
</code></pre>
<p>我们想变成这样:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">list.front -&gt; C &lt;-&gt; D &lt;- list.back
^
cur
return.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;- return.back
</code></pre>
<p>因此,我们需要打破当前数据和前一个数据之间的联系,而且......天哪,需要改变的东西太多了。好吧,我只需要把它分成几个步骤,这样我就能说服自己这是有意义的。虽然有点啰嗦,但我至少能说得通:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>pub fn split_before(&amp;mut self) -&gt; LinkedList&lt;T&gt; {
if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
// We are pointing at a real element, so the list is non-empty.
unsafe {
// Current state
let old_len = self.list.len;
let old_idx = self.index.unwrap();
let prev = (*cur.as_ptr()).front;
// What self will become
let new_len = old_len - old_idx;
let new_front = self.cur;
let new_idx = Some(0);
// What the output will become
let output_len = old_len - new_len;
let output_front = self.list.front;
let output_back = prev;
// Break the links between cur and prev
if let Some(prev) = prev {
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = None;
(*prev.as_ptr()).back = None;
}
// Produce the result:
self.list.len = new_len;
self.list.front = new_front;
self.index = new_idx;
LinkedList {
front: output_front,
back: output_back,
len: output_len,
_boo: PhantomData,
}
}
} else {
// We're at the ghost, just replace our list with an empty one.
// No other state needs to be changed.
std::mem::replace(self.list, LinkedList::new())
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>你可能注意到,我们没有处理 prev 是幽灵节点的情况。但据我所知,其他一切都只是顺便做了正确的事。等我们写测试的时候就知道了!(复制粘贴完成 split_after</p>
<h1 id="splice"><a class="header" href="#splice"><a href="https://rust-unofficial.github.io/too-many-lists/sixth-cursors-impl.html#splice">Splice</a></a></h1>
<p>还有一个老大难,那就是 splice_before 和 splice_after我估计这是最容易出错的一个。这两个函数接收一个 LinkedList并将其内容嫁接到我们的列表中。我们的列表可能是空的他们的列表也可能是空的我们还有幽灵节点要处理......叹口气,让我们一步一步来吧,从 splice_before 开始。</p>
<ul>
<li>如果他们的列表是空的,我们就什么都不用做。</li>
<li>如果我们的列表是空的,那么我们的列表就变成了他们的列表。</li>
<li>如果我们指向的是幽灵节点,则追加到后面(更改 list.back</li>
<li>如果我们指向的是第一个元素0则追加到前面更改 list.front</li>
<li>一般情况下,我们会进行大量的指针操作</li>
</ul>
<p>一般情况:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">input.front -&gt; 1 &lt;-&gt; 2 &lt;- input.back
list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;- list.back
^
cur
</code></pre>
<p>变成这样:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; 1 &lt;-&gt; 2 &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;- list.back
</code></pre>
<p>好的,让我们来写一下:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span> pub fn splice_before(&amp;mut self, mut input: LinkedList&lt;T&gt;) {
unsafe {
if input.is_empty() {
// Input is empty, do nothing.
} else if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
if let Some(0) = self.index {
// We're appending to the front, see append to back
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = input.back.take();
(*input.back.unwrap().as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
self.list.front = input.front.take();
// Index moves forward by input length
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += input.len;
self.list.len += input.len;
input.len = 0;
} else {
// General Case, no boundaries, just internal fixups
let prev = (*cur.as_ptr()).front.unwrap();
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
(*prev.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(prev);
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
// Index moves forward by input length
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += input.len;
self.list.len += input.len;
input.len = 0;
}
} else if let Some(back) = self.list.back {
// We're on the ghost but non-empty, append to the back
// We can either `take` the input's pointers or `mem::forget`
// it. Using take is more responsible in case we do custom
// allocators or something that also needs to be cleaned up!
(*back.as_ptr()).back = input.front.take();
(*input.front.unwrap().as_ptr()).front = Some(back);
self.list.back = input.back.take();
self.list.len += input.len;
// Not necessary but Polite To Do
input.len = 0;
} else {
// We're empty, become the input, remain on the ghost
*self.list = input;
}
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>好吧,这个程序真的很可怕,现在真的感觉到 Option<NonNull> 的痛苦了。但我们可以做很多清理工作。首先,我们可以把这段代码拖到最后。</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>self.list.len += input.len;
input.len = 0;
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>好了,现在在分支 &quot;we're empty&quot; 中有以下错误。所以我们应该使用 <code>swap</code>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Use of moved value: <code>input</code></p>
</blockquote>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// We're empty, become the input, remain on the ghost
std::mem::swap(self.list, &amp;mut input);
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>在我反向思考下面这种情况时,我发现了这个 <code>unwrap</code> 有问题(因为 cur 的 front 在前面已经被设置为其它值了)</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>if let Some(0) = self.index {
} else {
let prev = (*cur.as_ptr()).front.unwrap();
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>这行也是重复的,可以提升:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += input.len;
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>好了,把上面的问题修改后得到这些:</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>if input.is_empty() {
// Input is empty, do nothing.
} else if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
// Both lists are non-empty
if let Some(prev) = (*cur.as_ptr()).front {
// General Case, no boundaries, just internal fixups
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
(*prev.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(prev);
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
} else {
// We're appending to the front, see append to back below
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = input.back.take();
(*input.back.unwrap().as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
self.list.front = input.front.take();
}
// Index moves forward by input length
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += input.len;
} else if let Some(back) = self.list.back {
// We're on the ghost but non-empty, append to the back
// We can either `take` the input's pointers or `mem::forget`
// it. Using take is more responsible in case we do custom
// allocators or something that also needs to be cleaned up!
(*back.as_ptr()).back = input.front.take();
(*input.front.unwrap().as_ptr()).front = Some(back);
self.list.back = input.back.take();
} else {
// We're empty, become the input, remain on the ghost
std::mem::swap(self.list, &amp;mut input);
}
self.list.len += input.len;
// Not necessary but Polite To Do
input.len = 0;
// Input dropped here
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>还是不对下面的代码存在bug</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span> (*back.as_ptr()).back = input.front.take();
(*input.front.unwrap().as_ptr()).front = Some(back);
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>我们使用 <code>take</code> 拿走了 input.front 的值,然后在下一行将其 <code>unwrap</code>boompanic</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>// We can either `take` the input's pointers or `mem::forget`
// it. Using `take` is more responsible in case we ever do custom
// allocators or something that also needs to be cleaned up!
if input.is_empty() {
// Input is empty, do nothing.
} else if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
// Both lists are non-empty
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
if let Some(prev) = (*cur.as_ptr()).front {
// General Case, no boundaries, just internal fixups
(*prev.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(prev);
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
} else {
// No prev, we're appending to the front
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
self.list.front = Some(in_front);
}
// Index moves forward by input length
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += input.len;
} else if let Some(back) = self.list.back {
// We're on the ghost but non-empty, append to the back
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
(*back.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(back);
self.list.back = Some(in_back);
} else {
// We're empty, become the input, remain on the ghost
std::mem::swap(self.list, &amp;mut input);
}
self.list.len += input.len;
// Not necessary but Polite To Do
input.len = 0;
// Input dropped here
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
<p>总之,我已经筋疲力尽了,所以 <code>insert</code><code>remove</code> 以及所有其他应用程序接口就留给读者练习。
下面是 Cursor 的最终代码,我做对了吗?我只有在写下一章并测试这个怪东西时才能知道!</p>
<pre><pre class="playground"><code class="language-rust edition2021"><span class="boring">#![allow(unused)]
</span><span class="boring">fn main() {
</span>pub struct CursorMut&lt;'a, T&gt; {
list: &amp;'a mut LinkedList&lt;T&gt;,
cur: Link&lt;T&gt;,
index: Option&lt;usize&gt;,
}
impl&lt;T&gt; LinkedList&lt;T&gt; {
pub fn cursor_mut(&amp;mut self) -&gt; CursorMut&lt;T&gt; {
CursorMut {
list: self,
cur: None,
index: None,
}
}
}
impl&lt;'a, T&gt; CursorMut&lt;'a, T&gt; {
pub fn index(&amp;self) -&gt; Option&lt;usize&gt; {
self.index
}
pub fn move_next(&amp;mut self) {
if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
unsafe {
// We're on a real element, go to its next (back)
self.cur = (*cur.as_ptr()).back;
if self.cur.is_some() {
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += 1;
} else {
// We just walked to the ghost, no more index
self.index = None;
}
}
} else if !self.list.is_empty() {
// We're at the ghost, and there is a real front, so move to it!
self.cur = self.list.front;
self.index = Some(0)
} else {
// We're at the ghost, but that's the only element... do nothing.
}
}
pub fn move_prev(&amp;mut self) {
if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
unsafe {
// We're on a real element, go to its previous (front)
self.cur = (*cur.as_ptr()).front;
if self.cur.is_some() {
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() -= 1;
} else {
// We just walked to the ghost, no more index
self.index = None;
}
}
} else if !self.list.is_empty() {
// We're at the ghost, and there is a real back, so move to it!
self.cur = self.list.back;
self.index = Some(self.list.len - 1)
} else {
// We're at the ghost, but that's the only element... do nothing.
}
}
pub fn current(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;mut T&gt; {
unsafe {
self.cur.map(|node| &amp;mut (*node.as_ptr()).elem)
}
}
pub fn peek_next(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;mut T&gt; {
unsafe {
self.cur
.and_then(|node| (*node.as_ptr()).back)
.map(|node| &amp;mut (*node.as_ptr()).elem)
}
}
pub fn peek_prev(&amp;mut self) -&gt; Option&lt;&amp;mut T&gt; {
unsafe {
self.cur
.and_then(|node| (*node.as_ptr()).front)
.map(|node| &amp;mut (*node.as_ptr()).elem)
}
}
pub fn split_before(&amp;mut self) -&gt; LinkedList&lt;T&gt; {
// We have this:
//
// list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;-&gt; D &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
//
// And we want to produce this:
//
// list.front -&gt; C &lt;-&gt; D &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
//
// return.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;- return.back
//
if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
// We are pointing at a real element, so the list is non-empty.
unsafe {
// Current state
let old_len = self.list.len;
let old_idx = self.index.unwrap();
let prev = (*cur.as_ptr()).front;
// What self will become
let new_len = old_len - old_idx;
let new_front = self.cur;
let new_back = self.list.back;
let new_idx = Some(0);
// What the output will become
let output_len = old_len - new_len;
let output_front = self.list.front;
let output_back = prev;
// Break the links between cur and prev
if let Some(prev) = prev {
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = None;
(*prev.as_ptr()).back = None;
}
// Produce the result:
self.list.len = new_len;
self.list.front = new_front;
self.list.back = new_back;
self.index = new_idx;
LinkedList {
front: output_front,
back: output_back,
len: output_len,
_boo: PhantomData,
}
}
} else {
// We're at the ghost, just replace our list with an empty one.
// No other state needs to be changed.
std::mem::replace(self.list, LinkedList::new())
}
}
pub fn split_after(&amp;mut self) -&gt; LinkedList&lt;T&gt; {
// We have this:
//
// list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;-&gt; D &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
//
// And we want to produce this:
//
// list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
//
// return.front -&gt; C &lt;-&gt; D &lt;- return.back
//
if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
// We are pointing at a real element, so the list is non-empty.
unsafe {
// Current state
let old_len = self.list.len;
let old_idx = self.index.unwrap();
let next = (*cur.as_ptr()).back;
// What self will become
let new_len = old_idx + 1;
let new_back = self.cur;
let new_front = self.list.front;
let new_idx = Some(old_idx);
// What the output will become
let output_len = old_len - new_len;
let output_front = next;
let output_back = self.list.back;
// Break the links between cur and next
if let Some(next) = next {
(*cur.as_ptr()).back = None;
(*next.as_ptr()).front = None;
}
// Produce the result:
self.list.len = new_len;
self.list.front = new_front;
self.list.back = new_back;
self.index = new_idx;
LinkedList {
front: output_front,
back: output_back,
len: output_len,
_boo: PhantomData,
}
}
} else {
// We're at the ghost, just replace our list with an empty one.
// No other state needs to be changed.
std::mem::replace(self.list, LinkedList::new())
}
}
pub fn splice_before(&amp;mut self, mut input: LinkedList&lt;T&gt;) {
// We have this:
//
// input.front -&gt; 1 &lt;-&gt; 2 &lt;- input.back
//
// list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
//
// Becoming this:
//
// list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; 1 &lt;-&gt; 2 &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
unsafe {
// We can either `take` the input's pointers or `mem::forget`
// it. Using `take` is more responsible in case we ever do custom
// allocators or something that also needs to be cleaned up!
if input.is_empty() {
// Input is empty, do nothing.
} else if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
// Both lists are non-empty
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
if let Some(prev) = (*cur.as_ptr()).front {
// General Case, no boundaries, just internal fixups
(*prev.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(prev);
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
} else {
// No prev, we're appending to the front
(*cur.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(cur);
self.list.front = Some(in_front);
}
// Index moves forward by input length
*self.index.as_mut().unwrap() += input.len;
} else if let Some(back) = self.list.back {
// We're on the ghost but non-empty, append to the back
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
(*back.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(back);
self.list.back = Some(in_back);
} else {
// We're empty, become the input, remain on the ghost
std::mem::swap(self.list, &amp;mut input);
}
self.list.len += input.len;
// Not necessary but Polite To Do
input.len = 0;
// Input dropped here
}
}
pub fn splice_after(&amp;mut self, mut input: LinkedList&lt;T&gt;) {
// We have this:
//
// input.front -&gt; 1 &lt;-&gt; 2 &lt;- input.back
//
// list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; C &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
//
// Becoming this:
//
// list.front -&gt; A &lt;-&gt; B &lt;-&gt; 1 &lt;-&gt; 2 &lt;-&gt; C &lt;- list.back
// ^
// cur
//
unsafe {
// We can either `take` the input's pointers or `mem::forget`
// it. Using `take` is more responsible in case we ever do custom
// allocators or something that also needs to be cleaned up!
if input.is_empty() {
// Input is empty, do nothing.
} else if let Some(cur) = self.cur {
// Both lists are non-empty
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
if let Some(next) = (*cur.as_ptr()).back {
// General Case, no boundaries, just internal fixups
(*next.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(next);
(*cur.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(cur);
} else {
// No next, we're appending to the back
(*cur.as_ptr()).back = Some(in_front);
(*in_front.as_ptr()).front = Some(cur);
self.list.back = Some(in_back);
}
// Index doesn't change
} else if let Some(front) = self.list.front {
// We're on the ghost but non-empty, append to the front
let in_front = input.front.take().unwrap();
let in_back = input.back.take().unwrap();
(*front.as_ptr()).front = Some(in_back);
(*in_back.as_ptr()).back = Some(front);
self.list.front = Some(in_front);
} else {
// We're empty, become the input, remain on the ghost
std::mem::swap(self.list, &amp;mut input);
}
self.list.len += input.len;
// Not necessary but Polite To Do
input.len = 0;
// Input dropped here
}
}
}
<span class="boring">}</span></code></pre></pre>
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