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# 通过config.toml对Cargo进行配置
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Cargo 相关的配置有两种，第一种是对自身进行配置，第二种是对指定的项目进行配置，关于后者请查看 [Cargo.toml清单](https://course.rs/cargo/reference/manifest.html)。对于普通用户而言第二种才是我们最常使用的。
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本文讲述的是如何对 Cargo 相关的工具进行配置，该配置中的部分内容可能会覆盖掉 `Cargo.toml` 中对应的部分，例如关于 `profile` 的内容。
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## 层级结构
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在前面我们已经见识过如何为 Cargo 进行全局配置：`$HOME/.cargo/config.toml`，事实上，还支持在一个 `package` 内对它进行配置。
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总体原则是：`Cargo` 会顺着当前目录往上查找，直到找到目标配置文件。例如我们在目录 `/projects/foo/bar/baz` 下调用 Cargo 命令，那查找路径如下所示：
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- `/projects/foo/bar/baz/.cargo/config.toml`
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- `/projects/foo/bar/.cargo/config.toml`
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- `/projects/foo/.cargo/config.toml`
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- `/projects/.cargo/config.toml`
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- `/.cargo/config.toml`
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- `$CARGO_HOME/config.toml` 默认是 :
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- Windows: `%USERPROFILE%\.cargo\config.toml`
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- Unix: `$HOME/.cargo/config.toml`
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有了这种机制，我们既可以在全局中设置默认的配置，又可以每个包都设定独立的配置，甚至还能做版本控制。
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如果一个 `key` 在多个配置中出现，那这些 `key` 只会保留一个：最靠近 Cargo 执行目录的配置文件中的 key 的值将被最终使用(因此， $HOME 下的都是最低优先级)。**需要注意的是，如果 `key` 的值是数组，那相应的值将被合并( join )**。
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对于工作空间而言，`Cargo` 的搜索策略是从 root 开始，对于内部成员中包含的 `.cargo.toml` 会自动忽略。例如一个工作空间拥有两个成员，每个成员都有配置文件: `/projects/foo/bar/baz/mylib/.cargo/config.toml` 和 `/projects/foo/bar/baz/mybin/.cargo/config.toml`，但是 `Cargo` 并不会读取它们而是从工作空间的根( `/projects/foo/bar/baz/` )开始往上查找。
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> 注意：Cargo 还支持没有 `.toml` 后缀的 `.cargo/config` 文件。对于 `.toml` 的支持是从 Rust 1.39 版本开始，同时也是目前最推荐的方式。**但若同时存在有后缀和无后缀的文件，Cargo 将使用无后缀的!**
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## 配置文件概览
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下面是一个完整的配置文件，并对**常用的选项**进行了翻译，大家可以参考下:
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```toml
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paths = ["/path/to/override"] # 覆盖 `Cargo.toml` 中通过 path 引入的本地依赖
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[alias] # 命令别名
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b = "build"
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c = "check"
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t = "test"
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r = "run"
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rr = "run --release"
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space_example = ["run", "--release", "--", "\"command list\""]
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[build]
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jobs = 1 # 并行构建任务的数量，默认等于 CPU 的核心数
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rustc = "rustc" # rust 编译器
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rustc-wrapper = "…" # 使用该 wrapper 来替代 rustc
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rustc-workspace-wrapper = "…" # 为工作空间的成员使用 该 wrapper 来替代 rustc
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rustdoc = "rustdoc" # 文档生成工具
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target = "triple" # 为 target triple 构建 ( `cargo install` 会忽略该选项)
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target-dir = "target" # 存放编译输出结果的目录
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rustflags = ["…", "…"] # 自定义flags，会传递给所有的编译器命令调用
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rustdocflags = ["…", "…"] # 自定义flags，传递给 rustdoc
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incremental = true # 是否开启增量编译
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dep-info-basedir = "…" # path for the base directory for targets in depfiles
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pipelining = true # rustc pipelining
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[doc]
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browser = "chromium" # `cargo doc --open` 使用的浏览器,
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# 可以通过 `BROWSER` 环境变量进行重写
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[env]
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# Set ENV_VAR_NAME=value for any process run by Cargo
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ENV_VAR_NAME = "value"
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# Set even if already present in environment
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ENV_VAR_NAME_2 = { value = "value", force = true }
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# Value is relative to .cargo directory containing `config.toml`, make absolute
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ENV_VAR_NAME_3 = { value = "relative/path", relative = true }
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[cargo-new]
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vcs = "none" # 所使用的 VCS ('git', 'hg', 'pijul', 'fossil', 'none')
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[http]
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debug = false # HTTP debugging
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proxy = "host:port" # HTTP 代理，libcurl 格式
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ssl-version = "tlsv1.3" # TLS version to use
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ssl-version.max = "tlsv1.3" # 最高支持的 TLS 版本
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ssl-version.min = "tlsv1.1" # 最小支持的 TLS 版本
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timeout = 30 # HTTP 请求的超时时间，秒
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low-speed-limit = 10 # 网络超时阈值 (bytes/sec)
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cainfo = "cert.pem" # path to Certificate Authority (CA) bundle
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check-revoke = true # check for SSL certificate revocation
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multiplexing = true # HTTP/2 multiplexing
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user-agent = "…" # the user-agent header
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[install]
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root = "/some/path" # `cargo install` 安装到的目标目录
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[net]
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retry = 2 # 网络重试次数
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git-fetch-with-cli = true # 是否使用 `git` 命令来执行 git 操作
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offline = true # 不能访问网络
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[patch.<registry>]
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# Same keys as for [patch] in Cargo.toml
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[profile.<name>] # profile 配置，详情见"如何在 Cargo.toml 中配置 profile" : https://course.rs/cargo/reference/profiles.html#profile设置
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opt-level = 0
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debug = true
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split-debuginfo = '...'
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debug-assertions = true
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overflow-checks = true
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lto = false
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panic = 'unwind'
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incremental = true
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codegen-units = 16
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rpath = false
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[profile.<name>.build-override]
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[profile.<name>.package.<name>]
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[registries.<name>] # registries other than crates.io
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index = "…" # URL of the registry index
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token = "…" # authentication token for the registry
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[registry]
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default = "…" # name of the default registry
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token = "…" # authentication token for crates.io
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[source.<name>] # source definition and replacement
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replace-with = "…" # replace this source with the given named source
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directory = "…" # path to a directory source
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registry = "…" # URL to a registry source
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local-registry = "…" # path to a local registry source
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git = "…" # URL of a git repository source
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branch = "…" # branch name for the git repository
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tag = "…" # tag name for the git repository
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rev = "…" # revision for the git repository
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[target.<triple>]
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linker = "…" # linker to use
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runner = "…" # wrapper to run executables
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rustflags = ["…", "…"] # custom flags for `rustc`
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[target.<cfg>]
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runner = "…" # wrapper to run executables
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rustflags = ["…", "…"] # custom flags for `rustc`
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[target.<triple>.<links>] # `links` build script override
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rustc-link-lib = ["foo"]
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rustc-link-search = ["/path/to/foo"]
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rustc-flags = ["-L", "/some/path"]
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rustc-cfg = ['key="value"']
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rustc-env = {key = "value"}
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rustc-cdylib-link-arg = ["…"]
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metadata_key1 = "value"
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metadata_key2 = "value"
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[term]
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verbose = false # whether cargo provides verbose output
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color = 'auto' # whether cargo colorizes output
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progress.when = 'auto' # whether cargo shows progress bar
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progress.width = 80 # width of progress bar
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``` |
